PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In the 21st century, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers have become an epidemic outbreak worldwide. Therefore, the exploration of all potential preventative and therapeutic measures based on either physical or bio-chemical mechanisms is essential via understanding precise pathophysiological pathways (Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pathway, and Notch signaling pathway) and other aspects of such skin malignancies. Nano-gel, a three-dimensional polymeric cross-linked porous hydrogel having a diameter of 20-200 nm, possesses dual properties of both hydrogel and nanoparticle. The capacity of high drug entrapment efficiency with greater thermodynamic stability, remarkable solubilization potential, and swelling behavior of nano-gel becomes a promising candidate as a targeted drug delivery system in the treatment of skin cancer. Nano-gel can be either synthetically or architectonically modified for responding to either internal or external stimuli, including radiation, ultrasound, enzyme, magnetic, pH, temperature, and oxidation-reduction to achieve controlled release of pharmaceuticals and several bio-active molecules such as proteins, peptides, genes via amplifying drug aggregation in the active targeted tissue and reducing adverse pharmacological effects. Several drugs, such as anti-neoplastic biomolecules having short biological half-lives and prompt enzyme degradability capacity, must be appropriate for administration employing either chemically bridged or physically constructed nano-gel frameworks. The comprehensive review summarizes the advancement in the preparation and characterization methods of targeted nano-gel with enhanced pharmacological potential and preserved intracellular safety limits for the mitigation of skin malignancies with a special emphasize on skin cancer inducing pathophysiological pathways and prospective research opportunities for skin malignancy targeted nano-gels.
摘要：
在21世纪,黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌已成为世界范围内的流行病。因此,探索基于物理或生化机制的所有潜在的预防和治疗措施是必不可少的，通过了解精确的病理生理学途径（丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶，磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶通路,和Notch信号通路）以及此类皮肤恶性肿瘤的其他方面。纳米凝胶，一种直径为20-200nm的三维聚合物交联多孔水凝胶，具有水凝胶和纳米粒子的双重性质。具有更高热力学稳定性的高药物包封效率的能力，显著的溶解潜力，纳米凝胶的溶胀行为成为治疗皮肤癌的靶向给药系统的一个有希望的候选药物。纳米凝胶可以进行合成或结构修饰，以响应内部或外部刺激。包括辐射,超声，酶，磁性,pH值,温度,和氧化还原，以实现药物和几种生物活性分子如蛋白质的控制释放，肽，基因通过放大活性靶组织中的药物聚集和减少不良药理作用。几种药物，如具有短生物半衰期和快速酶降解能力的抗肿瘤生物分子，必须适用于采用化学桥接或物理构建的纳米凝胶框架的施用。全面综述了具有增强的药理潜力和保留的细胞内安全极限的靶向纳米凝胶的制备和表征方法的进展，以缓解皮肤恶性肿瘤，特别强调皮肤癌诱导的病理生理途径和皮肤恶性肿瘤靶向纳米凝胶的前瞻性研究机会。
