本研究的目的是分析年轻游泳者水中力量的变化,性能,运动学,在一个完整的竞争赛季中进行人体测量。二十五名游泳运动员(十一名女生,十四名男生,12.04±0.16年)在整个竞争季节的四个不同时间点进行了评估。双手在水中的力量(D,占优势;ND,非显性)在两次25m的前爬行中检索到,从而可以估计对称指数。从完成25米的时间开始计算速度(v25),并考虑性能结果,而中风率,行程长度,和中风指数被用作运动学变量。对于人体测量变量,体重,身材,测量手臂的跨度和手的表面积。在竞争季节中,水中力量(16-24%)和性能(8%)得到了改善,第一个大周期发生了显着变化。行程指数是唯一在M1和M4之间变化的运动学变量(12.7%),在赛季后期伴随着更高的不对称运动。在身材中发现了时间效应(p<0.001,ηp2=0.71),臂跨度(p<0.001,ηp2=0.79),和手部表面积(D=p<0.001,ηp2=0.63;ND=p<0.001,ηp2=0.666)。游泳表现与水中力量有关,该季节所有时间点的中风效率和人体测量特征。因此,整个季节经历的自然人体测量增长可能会转化为更有效的游泳模式,并具有更大的水中力量,可以提高性能。
The aim of the present study was to analyze changes in young swimmers\' in-water force, performance, kinematics, and anthropometrics during one full competitive season. Twenty-five swimmers (11 girls and 14 boys, 12.04 ± 0.16 years) were assessed over four distinct time points throughout a competitive season. The in-water force of both hands (D, dominant; ND, non-dominant) was retrieved during two bouts of 25 m front crawl allowing the estimation of the symmetry index. The velocity (v25) was calculated from the time to complete the 25 m and considered the performance outcome, while the stroke rate, stroke length, and the stroke index were used as kinematic variables. For anthropometric variables, body mass, stature, arm span and the hand surface area were measured. The in-water force (16-24%) and performance (8%) improved over the competitive season with significant changes in the first macrocycle. The stroke index was the only kinematic variable that changed between M1 and M4 (12.7%), accompanied by a higher asymmetric motion later in the season. A time effect was found in the stature (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.71), the arm span (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.79), and the hand surface area (D = p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.63; ND = p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.666). Swimming performance showed associations with in-water force, stroke efficiency and anthropometric features in all time points of the season. Thus, the natural anthropometric growth experienced over the season may translate into a more efficient swimming pattern with greater in-water forces that can enhance performance.