凭借其雌激素活性,(S)-雌马酚在维持宿主健康和预防雌激素相关疾病中起着重要作用。通过肠道细菌转化大豆异黄酮,但是不同个体和物种之间(S)-雌马酚产生差异的原因尚不清楚。这里,人类的粪便样本,猪,鸡,老鼠,以大鼠为研究对象。(S)-雌马酚的浓度,以及(S)-雌马酚生产相关基因的遗传同源性和进化关系[大豆苷元还原酶(DZNR),大豆苷元消旋酶(DDRC),二氢大豆苷元还原酶(DHDR),四氢大豆苷元还原酶(THDR)],进行了分析。此外,对新鉴定的DDRC基因进行了体外功能验证。发现大约40%的人类样品含有(S)-雌马酚,而来自其他物种的样品中100%含有(S)-雌马酚。然而,不同物种之间的(S)-雌马酚含量存在显着差异:大鼠>猪>鸡>小鼠>人类。这四个基因的分布显示出物种特异性的模式。DHDR显示了不同物种的高检出率,THDR,DDRC相比之下,在DZNR方面,观察到不同物种和个体之间的检出率存在很大差异。似乎各种类型的DZNR可能与不同浓度的(S)-雌马酚有关,这可能对应于(S)-雌马酚合成过程中的调节作用。这增强了我们对(S)-雌马酚产生的个体差异及其与体外功能基因的联系的理解。此外,与已知的DDRC相比,新发现的DDRC具有更高的(S)-雌马酚合成潜力,为推进体外(S)-雌马酚生产提供有价值的资源。
目的:(S)-雌马酚((S)-EQ)在维持人类健康中起着至关重要的作用,连同其已知的预防和治疗各种疾病的能力,包括心血管疾病,代谢综合征,骨质疏松,糖尿病,大脑相关疾病,高血压,高脂血症,肥胖,和炎症。然而,影响(S)-EQ产生的个体差异的因素和潜在的调节机制仍然难以捉摸。这项研究检查了功能基因与(S)-EQ产生之间的关联,强调DZNR基因和(S)-EQ含量之间的潜在相关性。各种类型的DZNR可与(S)-EQ合成的调节相关。此外,新DDRC基因的鉴定为增强体外(S)-EQ产生提供了有希望的前景。
With its estrogenic activity, (S)-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in (S)-equol production among different individuals and species remain unclear. Here, fecal samples from humans, pigs, chickens, mice, and rats were used as research objects. The concentrations of (S)-equol, along with the genetic homology and evolutionary relationships of (S)-equol production-related genes [daidzein reductase (DZNR), daidzein racemase (DDRC), dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR), tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (THDR)], were analyzed. Additionally, in vitro functional verification of the newly identified DDRC gene was conducted. It was found that approximately 40% of human samples contained (S)-equol, whereas 100% of samples from other species contained (S)-equol. However, there were significant variations in (S)-equol content among the different species: rats > pigs > chickens > mice > humans. The distributions of the four genes displayed species-specific patterns. High detection rates across various species were exhibited by DHDR, THDR, and DDRC. In contrast, substantial variations in detection rates among different species and individuals were observed with respect to DZNR. It appears that various types of DZNR may be associated with different concentrations of (S)-equol, which potentially correspond to the regulatory role during (S)-equol synthesis. This enhances our understanding of individual variations in (S)-equol production and their connection with functional genes in vitro. Moreover, the newly identified DDRC exhibits higher potential for (S)-equol synthesis compared to the known DDRC, providing valuable resources for advancing in vitro (S)-equol production.
OBJECTIVE: (S)-equol ((S)-EQ) plays a crucial role in maintaining human health, along with its known capacity to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. However, factors affecting individual variations in (S)-EQ production and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines the association between functional genes and (S)-EQ production, highlighting a potential correlation between the DZNR gene and (S)-EQ content. Various types of DZNR may be linked to the regulation of (S)-EQ synthesis. Furthermore, the identification of a new DDRC gene offers promising prospects for enhancing in vitro (S)-EQ production.