UNASSIGNED: The implementation of surfactant for respiratory syndrome approbates the therapy as a revolutionary method in intensive neonatal therapy and respiratory resuscitation. It is important to investigate the costs of this treatment.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study is to analyze the data by the application of the surfactant Curosurf to preterm babies with respiratory complications and describe the treatment costs, healthcare resource utilization and evaluate economic benefits of surfactant use in the treatment of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and hyaline-membrane disease (HDM).
UNASSIGNED: A retrospective survey was performed covering 167 babies based on respiratory complications due to preterm birth and the necessity to apply a surfactant therapy. A documentary method was implemented and for each patient, an individual research protocol was filled out - a questionnaire created specifically for the purposes of the study.
UNASSIGNED: An analysis of the data from the application of CUROSURF was made and the obtained therapeutic results were compared to expenditures for the therapy, short-term therapeutic effect, benefits and consequences of the therapy of preterm newborns with respiratory complications. The application of CUROSURF to babies with RDS resulted in the realization of net savings due to the elimination of the necessity of conducting several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well as their duration reduction of hospital stay, thus defining its health-economic benefits.
UNASSIGNED: The models of evaluation of cost effectiveness reveal that the medicinal product is expensive but effective from the aspect of short-term therapeutic results.

UNASSIGNED: Ezetimibe, which lowers cholesterol by blocking the intestinal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, is reported to reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. Here, we demonstrate the changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids and explain the underlying mechanism of ezetimibe in hepatic steatosis.
UNASSIGNED: We fed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats a high-fat diet (60 kcal % fat) with or vehicle (control) or ezetimibe (10 mg kg-1) via stomach gavage for 12 weeks and performed comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of liver tissue. We used rat liver tissues, HepG2 hepatoma cell lines, and siRNA to explore the underlying mechanism.
UNASSIGNED: In OLETF rats on a high-fat diet, ezetimibe showed improvements in metabolic parameters and reduction in hepatic fat accumulation. The comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling revealed significant changes in phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholines (PC), and alterations in the fatty acyl-chain composition in hepatic PCs. Further analyses involving gene expression and triglyceride assessments in rat liver tissues, HepG2 hepatoma cell lines, and siRNA experiments unveiled that ezetimibe\'s mechanism involves the upregulation of key phospholipid biosynthesis genes, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyl-transferase, and the phospholipid remodeling gene lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrate that ezetimibe improves metabolic parameters and reduces hepatic fat accumulation by influencing the composition and levels of phospholipids, specifically phosphatidylcholines, and by upregulating genes related to phospholipid biosynthesis and remodeling. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways through which ezetimibe mitigates hepatic fat accumulation, emphasizing the role of phospholipid metabolism.

The monitoring of body temperature is a recent addition to the plethora of parameters provided by wellness and fitness wearable devices. Current wearable temperature measurements are made at the skin surface, a measurement that is impacted by the ambient environment of the individual. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy provides the potential for a measurement below the epidermal layer of skin, thereby having the potential advantage of being more reflective of physiological conditions. The feasibility of noninvasive temperature measurements is demonstrated by using an in vitro model designed to mimic the near-infrared spectra of skin. A miniaturizable solid-state laser-diode-based near-infrared spectrometer was used to collect diffuse reflectance spectra for a set of seven tissue phantoms composed of different amounts of water, gelatin, and Intralipid. Temperatures were varied between 20-24 °C while collecting these spectra. Two types of partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed to evaluate the analytical utility of this approach. In both cases, the collected spectra were used without pre-processing and the number of latent variables was the only optimized parameter. The first approach involved splitting the whole dataset into separate calibration and prediction subsets for which a single optimized PLS model was developed. For this first case, the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.95 and the standard error of prediction (SEP) is 0.22 °C for temperature predictions. The second strategy used a leave-one-phantom-out methodology that resulted in seven PLS models, each predicting the temperatures for all spectra in the held-out phantom. For this set of phantom-specific predicted temperatures, R2 and SEP values range from 0.67-0.99 and 0.19-0.65 °C, respectively. The stability and reproducibility of the sample-to-spectrometer interface are identified as major sources of spectral variance within and between phantoms. Overall, results from this in vitro study justify the development of future in vivo measurement technologies for applications as wearables for continuous, real-time monitoring of body temperature for both healthy and ill individuals.

Miniaturized weak affinity chromatography is emerging as an interesting alternative to conventional biophysical tools for performing fragment-screening studies in the context of fragment-based drug discovery. In order to push back the analytical limits, it is necessary not only to control non-specific interactions with chromatographic support, but also to adapt this methodology by comparing the results obtained on an affinity column to a control column. The work presented in this study focused on fragment screening that targets a model membrane protein, the adenosine A2A receptor, embedded in nanodiscs (NDs) as biomimetic membranes. By studying the retention behavior of test fragment mixtures on supports modified with different types of NDs, we were able to determine the contribution of ND-related non-specific interactions, in particular the electrostatic effect of anionic phospholipids and the hydrophobic effect of neutral phospholipids. Different strategies for the preparation of control columns (empty NDs, orthosteric site blocking) were investigated and are presented for the first time. With these two types of control columns, the screening enabled the identification of two new fragments of AA2AR, which were confirmed by competition experiments and whose Kd values, estimated directly during the screening or after the competition experiments in frontal mode, were in good agreement.

Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections necessitate novel antibiotic development. D-3263, a transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) agonist, has potential antineoplastic properties. Here, we reported the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of D-3263. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were ≤ 50 µM. D-3263 exhibited bactericidal effects against clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecalis strains at 4× MIC. Subinhibitory D-3263 concentrations effectively inhibited S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilms, with higher concentrations also clearing mature biofilms. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 29 proteins under 1/2 × MIC D-3263, influencing amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, D-3263 enhanced membrane permeability of S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) dose-dependently increased D-3263 MICs. Overall, our data suggested that D-3263 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus by targeting the cell membrane.

Numerous strategies have been proposed to minimize obesity-associated health effects, among which phytocannabinoids appear to be effective and safe compounds. In particular, cannabigerol (CBG) emerges as a potent modulator of the composition of membrane phospholipids (PLs), which plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance. Therefore, here we consider the role of CBG treatment on the composition of PLs fraction with particular emphasis on phospholipid subclasses (e.g., phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI)) in the red gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats fed the standard or high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. The intramuscular PLs content was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and based on the composition of individual FAs, we assessed the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) index as well as the activity of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) pathways. Expression of various proteins engaged in the inflammatory pathway, FAs elongation, and desaturation processes was measured using Western blotting. Our research has demonstrated the important association of obesity with alterations in the composition of muscular PLs, which was significantly improved by CBG supplementation, enriching the lipid pools in n-3 PUFAs and decreasing the content of arachidonic acid (AA), which in turn influenced the activity of PUFAs pathways in various PLs subclasses. CBG also inhibited the local inflammation development and profoundly reduced the SCD1 activity. Collectively, restoring the PLs homeostasis of the myocyte membrane by CBG indicates its new potential medical application in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.

UNASSIGNED: Biochemical blood testing is the main diagnostic indicator of the clinical condition of highly productive animals and a method of determining changes in metabolic disorders. This study focuses on metabolic changes (ketosis), which are of the utmost importance in the assessment of the health status of animals, as well as differences in intergroup characteristics. The main focus of this study is to demonstrate the influence of subclinical ketosis in highly productive cows on changes in biochemical blood parameters during different physiological periods to further prevent this disease, adjust feeding rations, and prevent premature culling of animals. This study aimed to evaluate and establish changes in the biochemical status dynamics of highly productive cows with metabolic disorders in an industrial livestock complex.
UNASSIGNED: Blood samples were systematically collected from highly productive cows of the Simmental breed (n = 60) and served as the primary material for subsequent analyses. Each methodological step was designed to ensure evaluation of the metabolic changes associated with post-calving adjustments in highly productive dairy cows. This study employed a comprehensive approach integrating clinical assessments, laboratory analyses, biochemical evaluations, instrumental measurements, and statistical analyses.
UNASSIGNED: A biochemical blood test showed that the number of ketone bodies in the experimental group exceeded the norm, varied depending on the physiological state of the animals, and ranged from 0.89 to 1.45 mmol/L. At 10 days after calving, the highest indicator was 1.45 ± 0.05 mmol/L. This indicator was 1.05 mmol/L higher than that in the control group and exceeded the norm by 0.95.
UNASSIGNED: Excess ketone bodies in the blood of animals led to accumulation in urine and milk, indicating a disturbance in metabolic processes in the body and a decrease in the quality of animal husbandry products. The sample size and the focus on a single breed from one geographical location may limit the generalizability of the findings. Further research should explore the mechanistic bases of ketosis development, potentially integrating genomic and proteomic approaches to understand the genetic predispositions and molecular pathways involved.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, from the anthracycline class, which is genotoxic to neoplastic cells via a DNA intercalation mechanism. It is effective and universal; however, it also causes numerous side effects. The most serious of them are cardiotoxicity and a decrease in the number of myeloid cells. For this reason, targeted DOX delivery systems are desirable, since they would allow lowering the drug dose and therefore limiting systemic side effects. Recently, synthetic dyes, in particular Congo red (CR), have been proposed as possible DOX carriers. CR is a planar molecule, built of a central biphenyl moiety and two substituted naphthalene rings, connected with diazo bonds. In water, it forms elongated ribbon-shaped supramolecular structures, which are able to selectively interact with immune complexes. In our previous studies, we have shown that CR aggregates can intercalate DOX molecules. In this way, they preclude DOX precipitation in water solutions and increase its uptake by MCF7 breast cancer cells. In the present work, we further explore the interactions between DOX, CR, and their aggregates (CR/DOX) with phospholipid membranes. In addition to neutral molecules, the protonated doxorubicin form, DXP, is also studied. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the transfer of CR, DOX, DXP, and their aggregates through POPC bilayers. Interactions of CR, DOX, and CR/DOX with model monolayers are studied with Langmuir trough measurements. This study shows that CR may support the transfer of doxorubicin molecules into the bilayer. Both electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with lipids are important in this respect. The former promote the initial stages of the insertion process, the latter keep guest molecules inside the bilayer.

This review delves into the enzymatic processes governing the initial stages of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine) and triacylglycerol synthesis. The key enzymes under scrutiny include GPAT and AGPAT. Additionally, as most AGPATs exhibit LPLAT activity, enzymes participating in the Lands cycle with similar functions are also covered. The review begins by discussing the properties of these enzymes, emphasizing their specificity in enzymatic reactions, notably the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids. The paper sheds light on the intricate involvement of these enzymes in various diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. To underscore the relevance of these enzymes in cancer processes, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression levels of the described enzymes were correlated with the overall survival of patients across 33 different types of cancer using the GEPIA portal. This review further explores the potential therapeutic implications of inhibiting these enzymes in the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. By elucidating the intricate enzymatic pathways involved in lipid synthesis and their impact on various pathological conditions, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Four different concentrations of an aqueous extract of cuttlefish (Sepia spp.) ink (CI) were introduced, respectively, into the packing medium employed during golden seabream (Sparus aurata) canning. The quality parameters of the resulting canned fish were determined and compared to the initial fish and the control canned muscle. An important effect of the CI concentration introduced in the packing medium was proved. The presence in the packing medium of a relatively low CI concentration (CI-2 batch) led to a lower (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation development (fluorescent compound formation), lower (p < 0.05) changes of colour parameters (L* and a* values), and lower (p < 0.05) trimethylamine values in canned fish when compared to control canned samples. Additionally, the two lowest CI concentrations tested led to higher average values of C22:6ω3, ω3/ω6 ratios, and polyene index. On the contrary, the use of the most concentrated CI extract (CI-4 condition) led to a prooxidant effect (higher fluorescence ratio value). In agreement with environmental sustainability and circular economy requirements, the study can be considered the first approach to a novel and valuable use of the current marine byproduct for the quality enhancement of canned fish. On-coming research focused on the optimisation of the CI-extract concentration is envisaged.