自古以来,海洋软体动物的外壳已被用作治疗和/或预防资源。在西班牙,直到19世纪,它们都是医生或药剂师实用指南的一部分。总的来说,贝壳是通过溶解在醋中制备的,是用作牙膏的石膏或粉末的一部分,或者治疗消化不良,胃灼热和麻风病.因此,在加的斯科尔特斯时期,皇家外科学院和医院经常使用各种软体动物的珍珠母或珍珠母,作为基于粉末的盖仑制剂中的药物。在当代西班牙民族医学中,贝壳,具有很高的象征价值,已被用作护身符,以防止乳房破裂并促进其在哺乳期间的发育,为了避免幼儿出牙疼痛,消除脸上的污渍或治疗丹毒。但是,和其他国家一样,贝壳衍生的产品也得到了经验性的应用。传统上使用的两种资源是黑社会,乌贼的内壳和从某些物种的外壳中获得的珍珠母。草木,干燥和粉碎,已在外部应用于治疗角膜白血病和牙齿卫生。在珍珠层的情况下,必须区分化学疗法和物理疗法。某些贝壳,浸透柠檬汁,在沿海地区用于在产后去除脸上的斑点。然而,在西班牙大陆,最常见的做法是将珍珠母纽扣溶解在柠檬汁(或醋)中。由此获得的物质已用于治疗面部的不同皮肤病(黄褐斑,痤疮),以及消除雀斑。为了提取眼睛中的异物,一个非常普遍的传统补救措施是在盖子下引入小的珍珠母纽扣。将这些流行的疗法和做法与历史上经典医学著作中收集的疗法和做法进行比较,提供了有关所用产品的药理活性和药物应用的数据。乌贼骨粉的使用得到了不同的抗炎工作的支持,免疫调节和/或伤口愈合特性。珍珠层粉末已用于传统药物治疗心悸,抽搐或癫痫。作为镇静剂和镇静剂,珍珠层是进一步药物开发的有趣来源。同样,nacre是用于骨科和其他组织生物工程应用的生物材料。这篇文章是一个历史,文化和人类学观点,可以在海洋衍生产品研究中开辟新的认识论路径。
Since ancient times, the shells of marine molluscs have been used as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic resource. In Spain, they were part of practical guides for doctors or pharmacists until the 19th century. In general, seashells were prepared by dissolving in vinegar and were part of plasters or powders used as toothpaste, or to treat dyspepsia, heartburn and leprosy. Thus, the
nacre or mother-of-pearl of various molluscs was regularly used in the Royal Colleges of Surgery and in hospitals during the times of the Cortes of Cadiz, as a medicine in galenic preparations based on powders. In contemporary Spanish ethnomedicine, seashells, with a high symbolic value, have been used as an amulet to prevent cracks in the breasts and promote their development during lactation, to avoid teething pain in young children, to eliminate stains on the face or to cure erysipelas. But, as in other countries, products derived from seashells have also been empirically applied. The two resources used traditionally have been the cuttlebone, the internal shell of cuttlefish and the nacre obtained from the external shells of some species. Cuttlebone, dried and pulverised, has been applied externally to cure corneal leukoma and in dental hygiene. In the case of
nacre, a distinction must be made between chemical and physical remedies. Certain seashells, macerated in lemon juice, were used in coastal areas to remove spots on the face during postpartum. However, the most common practice in Spain mainland was to dissolve mother-of-pearl buttons in lemon juice (or vinegar). The substance thus obtained has been used to treat different dermatological conditions of the face (chloasma, acne), as well as to eliminate freckles. For the extraction of foreign bodies in the eyes, a very widespread traditional remedy has been to introduce small mother-of-pearl buttons under the lid. These popular remedies and practices are compared with those collected in classic works of medicine throughout history, and data on the pharmacological activity and pharmaceutical applications of the products used are provided. The use of cuttlebone powders is supported by different works on anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and/or wound healing properties.
Nacre powder has been used in traditional medicines to treat palpitations, convulsions or epilepsy. As sedation and a tranquilisation agent,
nacre is an interesting source for further drug development. Likewise,
nacre is a biomaterial for orthopaedic and other tissue bioengineering applications. This article is a historical, cultural and anthropological view that can open new epistemological paths in marine-derived product research.