Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is attracting great attention for cancer treatments, while its therapeutic efficacy is limited by unsatisfactory photosensitizers and hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these problems, we have developed catalase-loaded manganese-porphyrin frameworks (CAT@MnPFs) for catalytically-assisted PDT of cancer cells. CAT@MnPFs were constructed by the assembly of Mn2+ ions and PpIX into MnPFs and the subsequent loading of catalase. Under 650 nm light irradiation, the porphyrin (Protoporphyrin IX) within the structure of CAT@MnPFs can convert oxygen (O2) into singlet oxygen (1O2), showing the photodynamic effect. Importantly, the loaded catalase can decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2 with a huge elevation of O2 level (13.22 mg L-1) in 600 s, thus promoting 1O2 generation via PDT. As a result, CAT@MnPFs combined with 650 nm light can effectively ablate cancer cells due to the catalase-assisted oxygen-evolving PDT, showing a high therapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, after the incubation with CAT@MnPFs, unobvious damage can be found in normal and red blood cells. Thus, the obtained CAT@MnPFs integrate the advantage of photosensitizers and catalase for oxygen-evolving PDT, which can provide some insight for treating hypoxic cells.

Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) blends are widely used as engineering plastic alloys; however, they have a low fire safety level. To improve the flame-retardant property of PC/ABS, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework material (UiO-66) was synthesized with zirconium chloride and terephthalic acid and used as a flame-retardant cooperative agent. Its flame-retardant performance and mode of action in the PC/ABS blends were carefully investigated. The results showed that UiO-66 had good thermal stability and delayed the pyrolysis of the materials, thus significantly enhancing the efficiency of intumescent flame retardants. By compounding 7.0 wt% hexaphenyloxy-cyclotri-phosphazene (HPCTP) with 3.0 wt% UiO-66, the PC/ABS blends reached a limiting oxygen index value of 27.0% and V0 rating in the UL-94 test, showing significantly improved resistance to combustion dripping. In addition, UiO-66 enhanced the smoke and heat suppression characteristics of the intumescent flame-retardant materials. Finally, the flame-retardant mode of action in the blends was indicative of UiO-66 having a cooperative effect on the flame-retardant performance of PC/ABS/HPCTP materials. This work provides good ideas for further development of the flame-retardant ABS/PC.

Pazopanib (PAZ), an oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrates promising cytostatic activities against various human cancers. However, its clinical utility is limited by substantial side effects and therapeutic resistance. We developed a nanoplatform capable of delivering PAZ for enhanced anti-breast cancer therapy. Nanometer-sized PAZ@Fe-MOF, compared to free PAZ, demonstrated increased anti-tumor therapeutic activities in both syngeneic murine 4T1 and xenograft human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer models. High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) revealed that PAZ@Fe-MOF significantly reduced pro-tumorigenic M2-like macrophage populations at tumor sites and suppressed M2-type signaling pathways, such as ATF6-TGFBR1-SMAD3, as well as chemokines including CCL17, CCL22, and CCL24. PAZ@Fe-MOF reprogramed the inhibitory immune microenvironment and curbed tumorigenicity by blocking the polarization of M2 phenotype macrophages. This platform offers a promising and new strategy for improving the cytotoxicity of PAZ against breast cancers. It provides a method to evaluate the immunological response of tumor cells to PAZ-mediated treatment.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and selective single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer targeting cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a crucial biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective was to fabricate a novel aptamer electrochemical sensor using a composite material of cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework (CoNi-MOF) on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), leveraging the composite\'s large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity alongside the aptamer\'s high affinity for cTnI.
UNASSIGNED: The aptamer electrochemical sensor was fabricated using the CoNi-MOF composite on SPCE and characterized its properties. They conducted electrochemical measurements to assess the sensor\'s performance in detecting cTnI. The sensor\'s stability, reproducibility, and electro-catalytic activity were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: The sensor demonstrated linear detection of cTnI over a concentration range of 5-75 pg/mL, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 13.2 pM. Remarkable stability and reproducibility were observed in cTnI detection. The sensor exhibited exceptional electro-catalytic activity, enabling accurate quantification of cTnI levels in various solutions.
UNASSIGNED: This research presents a significant advancement towards the development of reliable, cost-effective, and easily deployable cTnI sensors for clinical applications. The sensor\'s versatility in detecting cTnI across different concentration ranges highlights its potential utility in diverse clinical settings, particularly for early detection and monitoring of cardiac conditions.

Gemcitabine is a widely used antimetabolite drug of pyrimidine structure, which can exist as a free-base molecular form (Gem). The encapsulated forms of medicinal drugs are of interest for delayed and local drug release. We utilized, for the first time, a novel approach of mechano-chemistry by liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) to encapsulate Gem on a \"matrix\" of porphyrin aluminum metal-organic framework Al-MOF-TCPPH2 (compound 2). The chemical bonding of Gem to compound 2 was studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and powder XRD. The interaction involves the C=O group of Gem molecules, which indicates the formation of the encapsulation complex in the obtained composite. Further, the delayed release of Gem from the composite was studied to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C using an automated drug dissolution apparatus equipped with an autosampler. The concentration of the released drug was determined by HPLC-UV analysis. The composite shows delayed release of Gem due to the bonded form and constant concentration thereafter, while pure Gem shows quick dissolution in less than 45 min. Delayed release of Gem drug from the composite follows the kinetic pseudo-first-order rate law. Further, for the first time, the mechanism of delayed release of Gem was assessed by the variable stirring speed of drug release media, and kinetic rate constant k was found to decrease when stirring speed is decreased (diffusion control). Finally, the prolonged time scale of toxicity of Gem to pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells was studied by continuous measurements of proliferation (growth) for 6 days, using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA), for the composite vs. pure drug, and their differences indicate delayed drug release. Aluminum metal-organic frameworks are new and promising materials for the encapsulation of gemcitabine and related small-molecule antimetabolites for controlled delayed drug release and potential use in drug-eluting implants.

Nanoscale science is becoming increasingly important and prominent, and further development will necessitate integration with other material chemistries. In other words, it involves the construction of a methodology to build up materials based on nanoscale knowledge. This is also the beginning of the concept of post-nanotechnology. This role belongs to nanoarchitectonics, which has been rapidly developing in recent years. However, the scope of application of nanoarchitectonics is wide, and it is somewhat difficult to compile everything. Therefore, this review article will introduce the concepts of liquid and interface, which are the keywords for the organization of functional material systems in biological systems. The target interfaces are liquid-liquid interface, liquid-solid interface, and so on. Recent examples are summarized under the categories of molecular assembly, metal-organic framework and covalent organic framework, and living cell. In addition, the latest research on the liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics of organic semiconductor film is also discussed. The final conclusive section summarizes these features and discusses the necessary components for the development of liquid interfacial nanoarchitectonics.

The sensitivity of immunoassays is generally limited by the low signal reporter/recognition element ratio. Nanomaterials serving as the carriers can enhance the loading number of signal reporters, thus improving the detection sensitivity. However, the general immobilization strategies, including direct physical adsorption and covalent coupling, may cause the random orientation and conformational change in proteins, partially or completely suppressing the enzymatic activity and the molecular recognition ability. In this work, we proposed a strategy to load recognition elements of antibodies and enzyme labels using boronic acid-modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the nanocarriers for signal amplification. The conjugation strategy was proposed based on the boronate ester interactions between the carbohydrate moieties in antibodies and enzymes and the boronic acid moieties on MOFs. Both enzymes and MOFs could catalyze the oxidation of 3,3\',5,5\'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, therefore achieving dual signal amplification. To indicate the feasibility and sensitivity of the strategy, colorimetric immunoassays of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were performed with boronic acid-modified Cu-MOFs as peroxidase mimics to catalyze TMB oxidation and nanocarriers to load antibody and enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). According to the change in the absorbance intensity of the oxidized TMB (oxTMB), PSA at the concentration range of 1~250 pg/mL could be readily determined. In addition, this work presented a site-specific and oriented conjugation strategy for the modification of nanolabels with recognition elements and signal reporters, which should be valuable for the design of novel biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Long-afterglow materials have a broad of applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, medicine and other fields due to their excellent luminescent properties. The host-guest long-afterglow MOFs material combines the advantages of multi-component characteristics and the stability of MOFs, which improves its luminous performance and expands its other properties. This review introduces the classification, synthesis and application of host-guest MOFs materials with long afterglow. Due to their rigid frames and multi-channel characteristics, MOFs can load common guest materials including rare earth metals, organic dyes, carbon dots, etc. The synthesis methods of loading guest materials into MOFs include solvothermal synthesis, post-encapsulation, post-modification, etc. Those long-afterglow host-guest MOFs have a wide range of applications in the fields of sensors, information security and biological imaging.

Interfacial charge transfer reactions involving cations and electrons are fundamental to (photo/electro) catalysis, energy storage, and beyond. Lithium-coupled electron transfer (LCET) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a preeminent example to highlight the importance of charge transfer in modern-day society. The thermodynamics of LCET reactions define the minimal energy for charge/discharge of LIBs, and yet, these parameters are rarely available in the literature. Here, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of tungsten oxides (WOx) within a chemically stable Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-808. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the composite, WOx@MOF-808, in Li+-containing acetonitrile (MeCN)-based electrolytes showed an irreversible, cathodic Faradaic feature that shifted in a Nernstian fashion with respect to the Li+ concentration, i.e., ∼59 mV/log [(Li+)]. The Nernstian dependence established 1:1 stoichiometry of Li+ and e-. Using the standard redox potential of Li+/0, the apparent free energy of lithiation of WOx@MOF-808 (ΔGapp,Li) was calculated to be -36 ± 1 kcal mol-1. ΔGapp,Li is an intrinsic parameter of WOx@MOF-808, and thus by deriving the similar reaction free energies of other metal oxides, their direct comparisons can be achieved. Implications of the reported measurements will be further contrasted to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions on metal oxides.

With over 9 million fatalities per year expected by 2030, infectious diseases will remain a significant burden on the world economy and cause high mortality rates. An excellent method to increase the bioactivity of levofloxacin (LEV) in pediatric abdominal wound repair is the finding of a stimuli-based drug delivery system (DDS). We designed and developed an LEV incorporated with zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a promising nanocarrier for wound healing applications. The spectral analysis and morphological analysis confirm the formation of our newly fabricated composites. Mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells, the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, and cell proliferation characteristics of LEV@ZIF-8 were evaluated in vitro. LEV@ZIF-8 composite considerably improved the biocompatibility against NIH3T3 cells after 72-h of exposure, according to in vitro experiments. Under acidic circumstances, the pH-responsive drug release studies exhibit superior LEV release, and in physiological circumstances, there is no unintended drug release. The LEV@ZIF-8 composite-treated cells demonstrate the most remarkable cell growth and migration method in a very short time, according to the results of the wound scratch experiment. The composite exposure concentration depended on inhibition against various microorganisms in the antibacterial activity testing. According to the study, LEV@ZIF-8 are appropriate and effective DDS for stimuli-based pediatric abdominal wound repair.