毛状细胞白血病(HCL),就像它的变体HCLv一样,是与体液免疫降低相关的B细胞恶性肿瘤。我们根据症状前瞻性监测了迄今为止最大的HCL/HCLv患者队列(n=503)的COVID-19,抗体,PCR和/或抗原阳性。50%(503例中的253例)的HCL/HCLv患者(238例HCL,15HCLv)有COVID-19的证据,253人中有210人(83%)通过PCR或快速抗原检测呈阳性。在没有阳性测试的43人中,所有人都有表明COVID-19暴露的核衣壳抗体,7召回无症状,36人症状轻微,但没有阳性检测。在210名检测呈阳性的人中,23、46、129和12分别发生在2020年、2021年、2022年和2023年。210例检测呈阳性,175开始治疗HCL/HCLv0.4-429(中位数66)个月前,132人在0.2-229个月前接受了最后一次抗CD20Mab(中位数63)。两个病人死了,包括一名年轻女性,在一线克拉屈滨疫苗接种2个月后开始使用利妥昔单抗。几乎所有HCL/HCLv患者都从COVID-19中顺利康复,包括那些没有接种疫苗的患者或那些有明显免疫抑制和最近治疗的患者。然而,来自HCL或治疗的正常B细胞减少与作为对COVID-19的应答的较低刺突抗体水平(p=0.0094)和较长的恢复时间(p=0.0036)相关。因此,在大量的HCL/HCLv队列中,也是第一个确定COVID-19结果与免疫标志物之间关系的队列,死亡率相对较低(~1%),后遗症并不常见,如果最近治疗后正常B细胞低,从COVID-19中恢复的时间更长。
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), similar to its variant HCLv, is a B-cell malignancy associated with decreased humoral immunity. We prospectively monitored the largest cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv to date (n = 503) for COVID-19 by symptoms, antibody, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or antigen positivity. Fifty percent (253 of 503) of the patients with HCL/HCLv (238 HCL and 15 HCLv) had evidence of COVID-19, with 210 (83%) testing positive by PCR or rapid-antigen test. Of the 43 patients without positive tests, all had nucleocapsid antibodies indicating COVID-19 exposure, 7 recalled no symptoms, and 36 had mild symptoms. Of the 210 who tested positive, 23, 46, 129, and 12 cases occurred in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Among them, 175 began treatment for HCL/HCLv 0.4 to 429 (median, 66) months before, and 132 had their last dose of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 0.2 to 229 (median, 63) months before. Two patients died, including a young woman who began rituximab 2 months after first-line cladribine before vaccine availability. Nearly all patients with HCL/HCLv recovered uneventfully from COVID-19 including those without vaccination or those with significant immunosuppression and recent treatment. However, decreased normal B cells from HCL or treatment was associated with lower spike antibody levels as a response to COVID-19 (P = .0094) and longer recovery time (P = .0036). Thus, in a large cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv and in the first to determine relationships between COVID-19 outcome and immune markers, mortality was relatively low (∼1%), sequelae were uncommon, and recovery from COVID-19 was longer if normal B cells were low after recent treatment. The trials are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01087333 and #NCT04362865.