本研究旨在确定不同剂量的丹顶菌培养物(ATC)对泌乳性能的影响。免疫功能,抗氧化能力,和母猪的肠道菌群。从妊娠85天到分娩后21天,将45头长白猪(3-6胎)随机分配到以下三种处理:对照饮食(CON,基础饮食),低剂量的丹麦草培养饮食(0.2%ATC,基础饮食+0.2%ATC),和高剂量的丹麦草培养饮食(0.4%ATC,基础饮食+0.4%ATC)。与CON组相比,补充0.2%的ATC使母猪的平均日产奶量增加了4.98%,增加牛奶脂肪,总固体,产后第1天的冰点抑郁(p<0.05),三碘甲状腺原氨酸的血清浓度增加,甲状腺素,和雌二醇在产后第21天(p<0.05)。与CON组相比,添加0.4%ATC可使母猪平均日产奶量提高9.38%(p<0.05)。此外,补充0.2%ATC增加血清IgG浓度,IgM,和IFN-γ,产后第1天CD4(p<0.05)和血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)浓度升高,免疫球蛋白G(IgG),免疫球蛋白M(IgM),补码3(C3),分化簇4(CD4),分化簇8(CD8),干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)在产后第21天(p<0.05),而补充0.4%ATC降低了产后第21天血清IL-2浓度(p<0.05)。此外,补充0.4%ATC显着增加过氧化氢酶(CAT)的血清浓度(p<0.05)。此外,补充ATC影响了母猪不同分类学水平的肠道菌群的相对丰度,并增加了有益菌的丰度,例如在Norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenies组中,Eubacterium_coprostanoligeniesgroup,和Lachnospiphaceae_XPB1014母猪组,同时减少了有害细菌的丰度,如相低温杆菌和梭状芽胞杆菌。这些数据表明,在妊娠后期和泌乳期间补充ATC可以改善泌乳性能,免疫功能,抗氧化能力,和肠道微生物群。与补充0.4%ATC相比,0.2%ATC可提高甲状腺相关激素水平,特异性抗体,和血清中的细胞因子,促进有益肠道微生物群的多样性,肠道中的有益细菌,减少有害细菌的数量,从而增强了母猪的免疫力。因此,0.2%ATC被认为是更优的浓度。
This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on lactation performance,
immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora of sows. Forty-five Landrace sows (3-6 parity) were randomly assigned to the following three treatments from 85 days of gestation to 21 days after farrowing: a control diet (CON, basal diet), a low-dose Acremonium terricola culture diet (0.2% ATC, basal diet + 0.2% ATC), and a high-dose Acremonium terricola culture diet (0.4% ATC, basal diet + 0.4% ATC). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 4.98%, increased milk fat, total solids, and freezing point depression on day 1 postpartum (p < 0.05), increased serum concentration of Triiodothyronine, Thyroxin, and Estradiol on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC increased the average daily milk yield of sows by 9.38% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.2% ATC increased serum concentration of IgG, IgM, and IFN-γ, CD4 on day 1 postpartum (p < 0.05) and increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin A ( IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M ( IgM), complement 3 (C3), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05), while the supplementation of 0.4% ATC reduced serum concentration of IL-2 on day 21 postpartum (p < 0.05). Moreover, the supplementation of 0.4% ATC significantly increased serum concentration of catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the supplementation of ATC affected the relative abundance of the intestinal flora at different taxonomic levels in sows and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as in the norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes group, and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014 group of sows, while reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Phascolarctobacterium and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. These data revealed that the supplementation of ATC during late gestation and lactation can improve lactation performance,
immune function, antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota. Compared with supplementation of 0.4% ATC, 0.2% ATC enhances the levels of thyroid-related hormones, specific antibodies, and cytokines in serum, promotes the diversity of beneficial gut microbiota, beneficial bacteria in the intestine, reduces the population of harmful bacteria, and thereby bolsters the immunity of sows. Hence, 0.2% ATC is deemed a more optimal concentration.