化疗是主要的癌症治疗方法之一。不幸的是,它的使用会导致一些副作用,包括绞股蓝对女性的影响。卵巢储备抑制和雌激素缺乏导致癌症患者的生活质量下降,并且经常是不孕和早期绝经的原因。在这方面,经典的烷基化细胞抑制剂是毒性最强的化学治疗剂之一。它们会导致卵巢卵泡及其所含的细胞的DNA损伤,它们还可以诱导氧化应激或影响许多信号通路。体外试验,动物模型,一些女性研究调查了在经典化疗期间各种药物对卵巢储备保护的影响。在这篇评论文章中,我们专注于选择的激素(抗苗勒管激素,ghrelin,黄体生成素,褪黑激素),影响凋亡途径活性和调节基因表达的试剂(C1P,S1P,microRNA),和几种天然(槲皮素,雷帕霉素,白藜芦醇)和合成化合物(硼替佐米,右旋雷佐生,戈舍瑞林,促性腺激素类似物,伊马替尼,二甲双胍,他莫昔芬)预防常用细胞抑制剂诱导的结氧效应。所提出的研究系列似乎为保护和/或改善癌症患者研究组的卵巢储备提供了有希望的策略。然而,需要精心设计的临床试验来明确评估这些药物对接受卵黄毒素抗癌药治疗的女性的激素功能和生育能力的改善作用.
Chemotherapy is one of the leading cancer treatments. Unfortunately, its use can contribute to several side effects, including gynotoxic effects in women. Ovarian reserve suppression and estrogen deficiency result in reduced quality of life for cancer patients and are frequently the cause of infertility and early menopause. Classic alkylating cytostatics are among the most toxic chemotherapeutics in this regard. They cause DNA damage in ovarian follicles and the cells they contain, and they can also induce oxidative stress or affect numerous signaling pathways. In vitro tests, animal models, and a few studies among women have investigated the effects of various agents on the protection of the ovarian reserve during classic chemotherapy. In this review article, we focused on the possible beneficial effects of selected hormones (anti-Müllerian hormone, ghrelin, luteinizing hormone, melatonin), agents affecting the activity of apoptotic pathways and modulating gene expression (C1P, S1P, microRNA), and several natural (quercetin, rapamycin, resveratrol) and synthetic compounds (bortezomib, dexrazoxane, goserelin, gonadoliberin analogs, imatinib, metformin, tamoxifen) in preventing gynotoxic effects induced by commonly used cytostatics. The presented line of research appears to provide a promising strategy for protecting and/or improving the ovarian reserve in the studied group of cancer patients. However, well-designed clinical trials are needed to unequivocally assess the effects of these agents on improving hormonal function and fertility in women treated with ovotoxic anticancer drugs.