背景:怀孕是一个独特的时期,心理变化和情绪障碍如抑郁症的可能性增加,焦虑,和压力。在这项研究中,我们调查了影响抑郁症的因素,焦虑,和压力在怀孕,并确定他们与性困扰(SD)和生殖器自我形象(GSI)的关系。
方法:这是一个描述性的,相关,在2019年9月至2020年1月期间,使用两阶段整群抽样方法进行了横断面研究。总的来说,295名孕妇完成了人口统计和产科信息清单,抑郁焦虑和压力量表-21(DASS-21),女性生殖器自我形象量表(FGSI),女性性困扰量表修订(FSDS-R)。
结果:方差分析(ANOVA)显示,不同程度抑郁的组之间SD的平均得分存在显着差异,焦虑,不同程度的抑郁(P=0.01)和焦虑(P<0.001)组间的GSI平均得分。在多元线性回归分析中,更高(更坏)的抑郁症,焦虑,在年龄较大和SD得分较高的女性中发现了压力得分;然而,在胎龄增加的患者中,这些评分更低(更好).较低的抑郁和焦虑评分与中等收入满意度相关,怀孕期间对BI的中度满意度,较低的压力和抑郁评分与计划妊娠有关.GSI评分较高(较好)是抑郁评分较低的预测因子,先前怀孕的并发症是较高压力评分的预测因子,最后,对胎儿流产的恐惧和成为家庭主妇是焦虑评分较高的预测因素.
结论:多种因素导致产前抑郁症的发展,焦虑,和压力。SD与抑郁症的严重程度呈正相关,焦虑,和压力,而GSI与抑郁和焦虑的严重程度呈负相关。因此,通过筛查和咨询会议提高对SD和GSI的认识可以对母亲及其胎儿产生有益影响.
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a unique period with the increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and identify their associations with Sexual Distress (SD) and Genital Self-Image (GSI).
METHODS: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study performed using the two-stage cluster sampling method between September 2019 and January 2020. Overall, 295 pregnant women completed a demographics and obstetric information checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSI), and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R).
RESULTS: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the mean scores of SD between the groups with varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress (P < 0.001) and in the mean score of GSI between the groups with varying degrees of depression (P = 0.01) and anxiety (P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher (worse) depression, anxiety, and stress scores were found in women with more advanced age and higher SD scores; however, these scores were lower (better) in those with increased gestational age. Lower depression and anxiety scores were associated with moderate satisfaction with income, moderate satisfaction with BI in pregnancy, and lower stress and depression scores were linked to planned pregnancy. Higher (better) GSI score was a predictor of lower depression score, complication in a previous pregnancy was a predictor of higher stress score, and finally, fear of fetal abortion and being a housewife were predictors of a higher anxiety score.
CONCLUSIONS: Various factors contribute to the development of antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress. A positive correlation was found between SD and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was noted between GSI and the severity of depression and anxiety. Therefore, raising awareness regarding SD and GSI through screening and counseling sessions can have beneficial effects for mothers and their fetuses.