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Abstract：
Menstruation is a central part of the everyday life of most women, and menstrual attitudes may impact health and well-being.
This article aimed to map menstrual attitudes among adult women and examine factors associated with these attitudes, such as aspects of menarche and current menstruation, and rarely studied factors, such as genital self-image and sexual openness.
A cross-sectional online survey.
A sample of 1470 women, aged 18-50 years, were recruited through social media sites. The Menstrual Self-Evaluation Scale was used to measure three different attitudes: menstruation as natural, shameful, and bothersome. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between each attitude and factors related to menarche and current menstruation, contraceptive use, genital self-image (assessed by Female Genital Self-Image Scale), and sexual openness (Personal Comfort with Sexuality Scale). Sociodemographic variables were included into the models as covariates.
Agreeing with the attitude of menstruation as something natural was predicted primarily by positive emotions at menarche, experiencing less menstrual pain, using no or nonhormonal contraception, and having a positive genital self-image. Perceiving menstruation as bothersome was predicted by a lower educational level, experiencing stronger menstrual pain, having more perimenstrual psychological symptoms, and using hormonal contraceptives. Menstruation as something shameful was chiefly predicted by lower sexual openness and a negative genital self-image.
Many women held attitudes about menstruation as both something natural and bothersome. Menarche and current menstruation experiences, and contraceptive method, played central roles in shaping attitudes toward menstruation as natural and bothersome. Viewing menstruation as shameful stood out from other attitudes by indicating a triad of self-objectified shame that includes menstruation, sexuality, and genital self-image. Further research into the relationships between menstruation, contraceptive use, sexuality, and body image is needed to enhance our understanding of women\'s menstrual health.
This article aimed to map menstrual attitudes among adult women and examine factors associated with these attitudes, such as aspects of menarche and current menstruation, and rarely studied factors, such as genital self-image and sexual openness.
A cross-sectional online survey.
A sample of 1470 women, aged 18-50 years, were recruited through social media sites. The Menstrual Self-Evaluation Scale was used to measure three different attitudes: menstruation as natural, shameful, and bothersome. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between each attitude and factors related to menarche and current menstruation, contraceptive use, genital self-image (assessed by Female Genital Self-Image Scale), and sexual openness (Personal Comfort with Sexuality Scale). Sociodemographic variables were included into the models as covariates.
Agreeing with the attitude of menstruation as something natural was predicted primarily by positive emotions at menarche, experiencing less menstrual pain, using no or nonhormonal contraception, and having a positive genital self-image. Perceiving menstruation as bothersome was predicted by a lower educational level, experiencing stronger menstrual pain, having more perimenstrual psychological symptoms, and using hormonal contraceptives. Menstruation as something shameful was chiefly predicted by lower sexual openness and a negative genital self-image.
Many women held attitudes about menstruation as both something natural and bothersome. Menarche and current menstruation experiences, and contraceptive method, played central roles in shaping attitudes toward menstruation as natural and bothersome. Viewing menstruation as shameful stood out from other attitudes by indicating a triad of self-objectified shame that includes menstruation, sexuality, and genital self-image. Further research into the relationships between menstruation, contraceptive use, sexuality, and body image is needed to enhance our understanding of women\'s menstrual health.
摘要：
■月经是大多数女性日常生活的核心部分，月经态度可能会影响健康和福祉。
■本文旨在绘制成年女性的月经态度，并研究与这些态度相关的因素，例如初潮和当前月经的方面，很少研究因素，比如生殖器的自我形象和性开放。
■横断面在线调查。
■1470名女性的样本，18-50岁,是通过社交媒体网站招募的。月经自我评估量表用于测量三种不同的态度：月经自然，可耻的,而且很麻烦.采用多元线性回归分析各态度及月经初潮相关因素与当前月经的关系,使用避孕药,生殖器自我形象（通过女性生殖器自我形象量表评估），和性开放(个人舒适度与性量表)。社会人口统计学变量作为协变量被纳入模型。
■同意月经的态度，因为自然的事情主要是由初潮时的积极情绪预测的，经历较少的月经疼痛，不使用或非荷尔蒙避孕，有积极的生殖器自我形象。较低的教育水平预测了月经的困扰，经历更强烈的月经疼痛，有更多的围手术期心理症状，使用荷尔蒙避孕药。月经作为可耻的事情主要是由较低的性开放性和消极的生殖器自我形象所预测的。
许多女性对月经的态度既是自然的，也是令人烦恼的。月经初潮和当前的月经经历，和避孕方法，在塑造对月经的态度方面发挥了核心作用。通过表明包括月经在内的自我客观化羞耻的三合会，将月经视为可耻的，从其他态度中脱颖而出，性,和生殖器的自我形象。进一步研究月经之间的关系，使用避孕药,性,和身体形象需要加强我们对女性月经健康的了解。
■本文旨在绘制成年女性的月经态度，并研究与这些态度相关的因素，例如初潮和当前月经的方面，很少研究因素，比如生殖器的自我形象和性开放。
■横断面在线调查。
■1470名女性的样本，18-50岁,是通过社交媒体网站招募的。月经自我评估量表用于测量三种不同的态度：月经自然，可耻的,而且很麻烦.采用多元线性回归分析各态度及月经初潮相关因素与当前月经的关系,使用避孕药,生殖器自我形象（通过女性生殖器自我形象量表评估），和性开放(个人舒适度与性量表)。社会人口统计学变量作为协变量被纳入模型。
■同意月经的态度，因为自然的事情主要是由初潮时的积极情绪预测的，经历较少的月经疼痛，不使用或非荷尔蒙避孕，有积极的生殖器自我形象。较低的教育水平预测了月经的困扰，经历更强烈的月经疼痛，有更多的围手术期心理症状，使用荷尔蒙避孕药。月经作为可耻的事情主要是由较低的性开放性和消极的生殖器自我形象所预测的。
许多女性对月经的态度既是自然的，也是令人烦恼的。月经初潮和当前的月经经历，和避孕方法，在塑造对月经的态度方面发挥了核心作用。通过表明包括月经在内的自我客观化羞耻的三合会，将月经视为可耻的，从其他态度中脱颖而出，性,和生殖器的自我形象。进一步研究月经之间的关系，使用避孕药,性,和身体形象需要加强我们对女性月经健康的了解。
