BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most prescribed pharmacological subgroup of the National Health System and their use has been related to possible potentially serious adverse effects.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current indications for treatment with PPIs as well as the data related to their safety, in order to promote their adecuate use.
METHODS: A review of the literature focused on the following topics has been carried out: a) molecules and mechanism of action; b) current indications for treatment and adherence to them; c) adverse effects related to its use; d) drug interactions; e) alternatives in deprescription.
RESULTS: The current indications have not changed substantially in recent years and are well established, however, there is a high percentage of inappropriate prescription, mainly in individuals with low or no risk.
CONCLUSIONS: PPIs are safe drugs and generally well tolerated and their benefits are higher than possible adverse effects. Adhering to evidence-based recommendations represents the only rational approach to safe and effective therapy.