真菌已经开发了一系列防御策略来克服机械损伤和病原体感染。最近,通过显示从Cortinariusuliginosus分离的色素在辐照下产生单线态氧来发现光活性。为了测试这种现象是否仅限于皮囊样Cortinarii,属于不同经典亚属的六种五颜六色的Cortinarius物种(即,菌属,Leprocybe,粘液,沙斑病,和Telamonia)进行了调查。通过结合体外光生物学方法探索真菌提取物,UHPLC与高分辨率串联质谱联用(UHPLC-HRMS2),基于特征的分子网络(FBMN),和代谢物去复制技术。在低浓度范围(1-7µg/mL)中,真菌C.rubrophylus(Dermocybe)和C.使用基于UHPLC-HRMS2的代谢组学工具,研究了潜在的光活性原理。几种单体和二聚蒽醌被注释为负责光活性的化合物。此外,结果表明,光诱导活性不限于单个亚属,而是不同系统发育谱系的Cortinarius物种的特征,并且与真菌蒽醌的存在有关。这项研究强调了Cortinarius属作为新型光药物的有希望的来源。此外,我们表明,自然光敏剂的推定去复制可以通过FBMN完成。
Fungi have developed a wide array of defense strategies to overcome mechanical injuries and pathogen infections. Recently, photoactivity has been discovered by showing that pigments isolated from Cortinarius uliginosus produce singlet oxygen under irradiation. To test if this phenomenon is limited to dermocyboid Cortinarii, six colourful Cortinarius species belonging to different classical subgenera (i.e., Dermocybe, Leprocybe, Myxacium, Phlegmacium, and Telamonia) were investigated. Fungal extracts were explored by the combination of in vitro photobiological methods, UHPLC coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS2), feature-based molecular networking (
FBMN), and metabolite dereplication techniques. The fungi C. rubrophyllus (Dermocybe) and C. xanthophyllus (Phlegmacium) exhibited promising photobiological activity in a low concentration range (1-7 µg/mL). Using UHPLC-HRMS2-based metabolomic tools, the underlying photoactive principle was investigated. Several monomeric and dimeric anthraquinones were annotated as compounds responsible for the photoactivity. Furthermore, the results showed that light-induced activity is not restricted to a single subgenus, but rather is a trait of Cortinarius species of different phylogenetic lineages and is linked to the presence of fungal anthraquinones. This study highlights the genus Cortinarius as a promising source for novel photopharmaceuticals. Additionally, we showed that putative dereplication of natural photosensitizers can be done by
FBMN.