■电子尼古丁输送系统(“电子烟”)是青少年最常用的尼古丁产品。Research,治疗,政策可以受益于青少年对使用结果的电子烟信念的衡量(即,预期)。在目前的研究中,我们开发并测试了青少年电子尼古丁雾化预期指标。
■一个青少年焦点小组评估了潜在的电子烟预期项目。一个国家专家小组协助修订了这些项目。最后,对14-17岁的青少年样本进行了研究(N=267,平均年龄15.6,SD=1.1,50.9%女性,50.2%非西班牙裔白人22.5%非西班牙裔黑人,14.2%的西班牙裔)在美国东南大都市地区。
■探索性因素分析揭示了四个因素的解决方案:负后果(Cronbach'sα=.92);正增强(α=.83);负影响减少(α=.95);和体重控制(α=.89)。子量表与蒸发敏感性和终生蒸发显着相关。子量表成功区分易感青少年和确认的非易感青少年,易感青少年报告更积极的期望,例如,积极强化,M=5.0,SD=2.0vsM=3.0,SD=2.1,P<.001,η2=0.19,负面预期较小,M=5.5,SD=2.3vsM=6.5,SD=2.6,P=.001,η2=0.04。发现类似的结果,比较从未吸过尼古丁的青少年和吸过尼古丁的青少年。分层线性回归表明,在控制人口统计学后,子量表是寿命蒸发的重要预测因子,vaping广告曝光,和同伴/家庭vaping。
■根据专家的输入和对青少年的试点测试,青少年预期指标的初步版本似乎是可靠和有效的。在并发有效性领域中发现了有希望的结果,判别效度,和增量有效性。未来的研究和评估工作将能够使用此工具来进一步实现预防和治疗目标。
UNASSIGNED: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (\"e-cigarettes\") are the nicotine product most commonly used by adolescents. Research, treatment, and policy could benefit from measures of adolescent e-cigarette beliefs about outcomes of use (ie, expectancies). In the current study, we developed and tested an adolescent electronic nicotine vaping expectancy measure.
UNASSIGNED: A focus group with adolescents evaluated potential e-cigarette expectancy items. A panel of national experts assisted in revision of these items. Finally, items were administered to a sample of adolescents 14-17 years old (N = 267, Mean age 15.6, SD = 1.1, 50.9% Female, 50.2% Non-Hispanic White, 22.5% Non-Hispanic Black, 14.2% Hispanic) in a large Southeastern metropolitan area in the United States.
UNASSIGNED: Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a four factor solution: Negative Consequences (Cronbach\'s α = .92); Positive Reinforcement (α = .83); Negative Affect Reduction (α = .95); and Weight Control (α = .89). Subscales were significantly correlated with vaping susceptibility and lifetime vaping. Subscales successfully differentiated susceptible adolescents from confirmed non-susceptible adolescents, with susceptible adolescents reporting more positive expectancies, eg, Positive Reinforcement, M = 5.0, SD = 2.0 vs M = 3.0, SD = 2.1, P < .001, η2 = 0.19, and less negative expectancies, M = 5.5, SD = 2.3 vs M = 6.5, SD = 2.6, P = .001, η2 = 0.04. Similar results were found comparing adolescents who have never vaped nicotine with those who have vaped nicotine. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated subscales were significant predictors of lifetime vaping after controlling for demographics, vaping ad exposure, and peer/family vaping.
UNASSIGNED: A preliminary version of an adolescent expectancy measure appears reliable and valid based on expert input and pilot testing with adolescents. Promising results were found in the domains of concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity. Future research and evaluation efforts will be able to use this tool to further prevention and treatment goals.