耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)是医院感染的主要原因之一,已被世界卫生组织列为“高度优先病原体”。在过去的几十年中,其发展抵抗力的能力一直是一个挑战,并且仍然对医疗保健系统构成威胁,因为已经发现了对所谓的万不得已的药物具有抗性的菌株。因此,迫切需要新的抗生素。天然产物是新药开发的重要来源,因此主要用作进一步修饰的先导化合物。在这次审查中,讨论了截至2022年底报告具有抗MRSA活性的植物天然产物的数据,突出了最有效的药物的抑制浓度以及与现有抗生素的最终协同作用。在后一种意义上,必须提到生物碱的类别,通过抑制细菌外排泵表现出累加或协同作用。关于抗生素活性,间苯三酚衍生物当然属于最有前途的化合物,揭示了几个具有显著效果的候选人,例如,卢普隆,Ivesinol,足癣,aspidinol,或者hyperforin.此外,萜类化合物产生了值得注意的化合物,如倍半萜内酯小白菊内酯和乳苦苷以及苯乙酮倍半萜和苯二烯型二萜,分别。此外,观察到大环内酯神经醇内酯A和三种黄酮醇双香豆素鼠李糖苷的显着作用。
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes for nosocomial infections and has been classified as \"high priority pathogen\" by the World Health Organization. Its ability to develop resistances has been a challenge for the last decades and is still a threat to health care systems, as strains with resistances to the so-called drugs of last resort have been discovered. Therefore, new antibiotics are urgently needed. Natural products are an important source for the development of new drugs, thereby mostly serving as lead compounds for further modification. In this review, the data on plant natural products with reported anti-MRSA activity until the end of 2022 is discussed, highlighting the most effective drugs with respect to their inhibitory concentrations as well as with regard to eventual synergistic effects with existing antibiotics. In the latter sense, the class of alkaloids must be mentioned, exhibiting additive or synergistic effects by inhibiting bacterial efflux pumps. With regard to the antibiotic activity, phloroglucinol derivatives certainly belong to the most promising compounds, revealing several candidates with remarkable effects, e.g., lupulone, ivesinol, rhodomyrtone, aspidinol, or hyperforin. Also, the class of terpenoids yielded noteworthy compounds, such as the sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide and lactopicrin as well as acetophenone sesquiterpenes and sphaerodiene type diterpenoids, respectively. In addition, pronounced effects were observed for the macrolide neurymenolide A and three flavonol dicoumaroylrhamnosides.