Several major changes in China\'s land policy, economic system, and development strategy have contributed to the continuous transformation of rural patterns and urban-rural relations. The deepening of urban-rural interaction has led to an increasing complexity of rural territorial functions, and the importance of territorial multifunctional mechanisms in the dynamic process of rural development in China has been highlighted. However, the current choice of a rural development model lacks comprehensive thinking that combines the functional mechanisms of rural areas with the elements of the development environment. In this paper, we define and identify the functions of rural areas in Gansu Province, China, and analyze and construct a rural development model by analyzing the interaction between the mechanisms of rural regional functions and the \"rural revitalization\" strategy. We find that under the control of \"rural revitalization,\" a sustainable development tool, the countryside is constantly developing into a multifunctional complex, and its development mode should be dynamically adjusted according to functional changes. Finally, we summarize the general evolutionary cycle of the multifunctional system of rural regions and attempt to extrapolate the dynamic developmental village type classification process of \"rural revitalization\" from the perspective of rural regional functions in China.

The interactions between power quality in the AC-DC distribution network segments contribute to the distributed propagation of power quality anomalies throughout the entire network. Focusing on the photovoltaic multifunctional grid-connected inverter (PVMFGCI), this study deeply explores a collaborative governance strategy for optimizing regional power quality. Initially, the analysis dissects the DC ripple generation mechanism corresponding to harmonics and asymmetry in AC subnetwork voltages. Subsequently, a strategy is proposed for partitioning comprehensive control regions for AC-side power quality, taking into account photovoltaic governance resources based on insights from photovoltaic control realms and power quality classifications. Further, a collaborative allocation model for governance resources incorporating active optimization potentials of grid-connected converters is established based on the governance capabilities and residual capacities of PVMFGCI. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through a MATLAB-based example analysis.

BACKGROUND: In idiopathic scoliosis, the anterior spinal column has rotated away from the midline and has become longer through unloading and expansion of the intervertebral discs. Theoretically, extension of the spine in the sagittal plane should provide room for this longer anterior spinal column, allowing it to swing back towards the midline in the coronal and axial plane, thus reducing both the Cobb angle and the apical vertebral rotation.
METHODS: In this prospective experimental study, ten patients with primary thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) underwent MRI (BoneMRI and cVISTA sequences) in supine as well as in an extended position by placing a broad bolster, supporting both hemi-thoraces, under the scoliotic apex. Differences in T4-T12 kyphosis angle, coronal Cobb angle, vertebral rotation, as well as shape of the intervertebral disc and shape and position of the nucleus pulposus, were analysed and compared between the two positions.
RESULTS: Extension reduced T4-T12 thoracic kyphosis by 10° (p < 0.001), the coronal Cobb angle decreased by 9° (p < 0.001) and vertebral rotation by 4° (p = 0.036). The coronal wedge shape of the disc significantly normalized and the wedged and lateralized nucleus pulposus partially reduced to a more symmetrical position.
CONCLUSIONS: Simple extension of the scoliotic spine leads to a reduction of the deformity in the coronal and axial plane. The shape of the disc normalizes and the eccentric nucleus pulposus partially moves back to the midline.

Stimulating indigenous microbes to reduce aqueous U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) by adding an electron donor has been applied as an applicable strategy to remediate uranium-contaminated groundwater in situ. However, biogenic U(IV) minerals are susceptible to oxidative remobilization after exposure to oxygen. To enhance the stability of the end product, glycerol phosphate (GP) was selected to treat artificial uranium-containing groundwater at different pH values (i.e., 7.0 and 5.0) with glycerol (GY) as the control group. The results revealed that removal ratios of uranium with GP were all higher than those with GY, and reduced crystalline U(IV)-phosphate and U(VI)-phosphate minerals (recalcitrant to oxidative remobilization) were generated in the GP groups. Although bioreduction efficiency was influenced at pH 5.0, the stability of the end product with GP was elevated significantly compared with that with GY. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that GP could activate bioreduction and biomineralization of the microbial community, and two stages were included in the GP groups. In the early stage, bioreduction and biomineralization were both involved in the immobilization process. Subsequently, part of the U(VI) precipitate was gradually reduced to U(IV) precipitate by microorganisms. This work implied that the formation of U-phosphate minerals via bioreduction coupled with biomineralization potentially offers a more effective strategy for remediating uranium-contaminated groundwater with long-term stability.

With the reform of trade unions in China, there has been a noticeable interaction in recent years between trade unions and human resource management in the workplace. However, we do not have a proper concept to describe such a phenomenon. Therefore, based on reviewing the current literature involving trade unions and human resource management in China, this study aims to describe the interactive relation between union\'s practices and enterprises\' human resource management by exploring the definition, characteristics, and formation mechanism. This study defines the relationship between the trade unions and human resource management as a coupling relationship where the trade unions and human resource management continually promote and restrain each other as two relatively independent systems in the enterprise. This relationship possesses three dual characteristics, namely reciprocity vs. restraint, integrity vs. independence, and stability vs. dynamism. And there are three sequential stages for trade unions and human resource management to form such a relation, interaction, consensus, and adjustment. This study provides further insight into the relationship between trade unions and human resource management in the workplace and attempts a proximately complete description of the relationship. The study also offers a direction for trade unions and enterprises to establish high-quality cooperation with each other which is mutually beneficial for enterprises\' development and employees\' wellbeing.

Functionalization of experimental HIV-1 virus-like particle vaccines with heterologous T helper epitopes (T helper VLPs) can modulate the humoral immune response via intrastructural help (ISH). Current advances in the conjugation of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers (Env) onto liposomes and encapsulation of peptide epitopes into these nanoparticles renders this GMP-scalable liposomal platform a feasible alternative to VLP-based vaccines. In this study, we designed and analyzed customizable Env-conjugated T helper liposomes. First, we passively encapsulated T helper peptides into a well-characterized liposome formulation displaying a dense array of Env trimers on the surface. We confirmed the closed pre-fusion state of the coupled Env trimers by immunogold staining with conformation-specific antibodies. These peptide-loaded Env-liposome conjugates efficiently activated Env-specific B cells, which further induced proliferation of CD4+ T cells by presentation of liposome-derived peptides on MHC-II molecules. The peptide encapsulation process was then quantitatively improved by an electrostatically driven approach using an overall anionic lipid formulation. We demonstrated that peptides delivered by liposomes were presented by DCs in secondary lymphoid organs after intramuscular immunization of mice. UFO (uncleaved prefusion optimized) Env trimers were covalently coupled to peptide-loaded anionic liposomes by His-tag/NTA(Ni) interactions and EDC/Sulfo-NHS crosslinking. EM imaging revealed a moderately dense array of well-folded Env trimers on the liposomal surface. The conformation was verified by liposomal surface FACS. Furthermore, anionic Env-coupled T helper liposomes effectively induced Env-specific B cell activation and proliferation in a comparable range to T helper VLPs. Taken together, we demonstrated that T helper VLPs can be substituted with customizable and GMP-scalable liposomal nanoparticles as a perspective for future preclinical and clinical HIV vaccine applications. The functional nanoparticle characterization assays shown in this study can be applied to other systems of synthetic nanoparticles delivering antigens derived from various pathogens.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) harm human health and the ecological environment. This work demonstrated manganese oxide catalytic membrane coupled to biodegradation of toluene in a catalytic membrane biofilm rector (CMBfR). Toluene removal efficiency in CMBfR was up to 91% in a 200-day operation. Manganese oxide combined to membrane biofilm reactor could promote degradation of toluene. Manganese oxide catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, XPS, and FT-IR. Raman and XPS spectra verified the existence of Mn defects, adsorbed oxygen species, and the oxygen vacancy, which was catalytic of toluene on the Mn oxides coated membranes significantly. Pseudomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium and Prosthecobacter were the dominant bacteria of toluene degradation. Mn oxides catalysis could degrade toluene into intermediate products; these products were entered into the biological phase eventually metabolized to CO2 and H2O. These results show that the catalytic membrane biofilm reactor is achievable and opens new possibilities for applying the catalytic membrane biofilm reactor to VOCs treatment.

The small white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) flaps its fore- and hindwings in synchrony as the wings are coupled using a wing \"coupling mechanism\". The coupling mechanism of butterflies includes an enlarged humeral area located at the anterior of the hindwing base and a corresponding basal posterior part of the forewing, of which the former component dorsally contacts the ventral side of the latter one. The coupling mechanism allows for the fore- and hindwings sliding in contact along the span and chord. It is of interest that butterflies still take off successfully and fly, when their wing couplings are clipped, but they are unable to properly synchronize the fore- and hindwing motions. Compared with the regular takeoff trajectory of intact butterflies that always first fly backwards and then forwards, the coupling-clipped butterflies took off in a random trajectory. Due to the clipping of the coupling mechanism, the initiation of the hindwing flapping and the abdomen rotation from upward to downward during takeoff was postponed. The coupling-clipped butterflies changed their stroke plane in upstroke to a more vertical position and strengthened the abdominal undulation. We believe our work, which for the first time investigates the influence of coupling mechanism removal on insect flight, extends our understanding on the working principle of wing coupling in insects and its significance on the flapping flight.

It would be highly beneficial to use the methane produced by anaerobic digestion, which is low cost and accessible, as the carbon source in the removal of nitrogenous contaminants in wastewater. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding coupling systems that entail methane oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification, which restricts their industrial application. In this study, we acclimated a mixed culture to deal with simultaneous nitrification-denitrification coupled to methane oxidation in a laboratory-scale hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor, which achieved a steady ammonia removal rate of 38.09 mg N/(L•d). Furthermore, a series of batch experiments were conducted to test methane oxidation coupled to nitrate denitrification (AME-D3), nitrite denitrification (AME-D2), and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (ME-SND). The molar ratio between methane consumed and nitrate reduced (C/N) equals 10 and 5 mol CH4C mol-1 NO3N in AME-D3 and AME-D2, averagely and respectively. Without methane injection, the removal of nitrates and nitrites was very low, indicating that the coupling of nitrate/nitrite denitrification and methane oxidation was beneficial. The average ammonia removal rates in the 20% O2 and 25% O2 groups were 20.06 and 22.03 mg N/(L•d) in the ME-SND system, respectively. Without methane, the ammonia oxidation rate declined, and large amounts of nitrite accumulated. As traditional ammonia and nitrite oxidation approaches are autotrophic, we proposed the possibility of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD). To study the coupling systems, the microbial communities and functional bacteria were analyzed. The results indicated that the system contained a guild of methanotrophs (mainly Methylobacter) and HN-AD bacteria (mainly Chrysobacterium and Comamonas).

Composite prepreg tape winding technology has proven to be an effective method for manufacturing revolving body composite structures in aerospace field. Process parameters including heating temperature, tape tension and roller pressure have an important impact on the winding products\' mechanical property such as tensile strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence mechanism and optimization analysis of parameters for the composite prepreg tape winding process. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis for single parameter had be employed to reveal the influence mechanism of each winding parameter change on tensile strength. Secondly, iso-surfaces analysis for parameter range had be applied to describe the distribution law of parameter with continuous distribution characteristics. Then the coupling analysis for process parameters was carried out employing response surface methodology. The analysis results showed that tape tension has the most significant effect on the winding products\' tensile strength. And the outstanding parameter combination with the heating temperature of 72 °C, tape tension of 307 N and roller pressure of 1263 N was provided by response surface design software via desirability function method. The validation experiments showed that the optimal parameter combination has a positive guiding significance for improving the quality of winding products.