脑电图神经反馈训练(EEGNFT)旨在通过教运动员控制精神状态来提高运动表现,导致更好的认知,情感,和物理结果。精神运动效率假说表明,优化大脑功能可以增强运动能力,指示EEGNFT的潜力。然而,EEG-NFT改变关键大脑活动模式的能力的证据,例如感觉运动节律和额叶中线theta键,用于集中和放松-尚未完全建立。目前的研究缺乏规范的方法和全面的研究。这种不足是由于脑电图目标选择不一致以及训练中对连贯性的关注不足。这篇综述旨在为脑电目标选择提供经验支持。进行详细的控制分析,并检查电极和频率与精神运动效率假说的关系的特异性。按照PRISMA方法,2869项实证研究来自PubMed,科学直接,WebofScience,Embase,CNKI,和PsycINFO。13项研究符合纳入标准:(i)熟练的技能水平;(ii)脑电图的使用;(iii)神经反馈训练(NFT);(iv)运动表现指标(反应时间,精度,灵巧,平衡);(v)用于NFT比较的对照组;(vi)同行评审的英文出版物;(vii)随机对照试验(RCT)设计。研究表明,NFT可以提高运动性能,包括提高拍摄精度,高尔夫推杆,和整体运动技能,精神运动效率假说支持。EEGNFT显示出通过优化表演者的精神状态和精神运动效率来提高运动表现的潜力。然而,当前的研究主体受到不一致的方法和缺乏标准化的EEG目标选择的阻碍。为了加强支持EEGNFT的经验证据,未来的研究需要集中在标准化目标选择上,采用严格的控制分析,并调查未开发的脑电图标志物。这些步骤对于支持EEGNFT的证据并增强其在提高运动表现方面的有效性至关重要。
Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback Training (EEG NFT) aims to improve sport performance by teaching athletes to control their mental states, leading to better cognitive, emotional, and physical outcomes. The psychomotor efficiency hypothesis suggests that optimizing brain function could enhance athletic ability, indicating the potential of EEG NFT. However, evidence for EEG-NFT\'s ability to alter critical brain activity patterns, such as sensorimotor rhythm and frontal midline theta-key for concentration and relaxation-is not fully established. Current research lacks standardized methods and comprehensive studies. This shortfall is due to inconsistent EEG target selection and insufficient focus on coherence in training. This review aims to provide empirical support for EEG target selection, conduct detailed control analyses, and examine the specificity of electrodes and frequencies to relation to the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. Following the PRISMA method, 2,869 empirical studies were identified from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and PsycINFO. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: (i) proficient skill levels; (ii) use of EEG; (iii) neurofeedback training (NFT); (iv) motor performance metrics (reaction time, precision, dexterity, balance); (v) control group for NFT comparison; (vi) peer-reviewed English-language publication; and (vii) randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Studies indicate that NFT can enhance sports performance, including improvements in shooting accuracy, golf putting, and overall motor skills, as supported by the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. EEG NFT demonstrates potential in enhancing sports performance by optimizing performers\' mental states and psychomotor efficiency. However, the current body of research is hampered by inconsistent methodologies and a lack of standardized EEG target selection. To strengthen the empirical evidence supporting EEG NFT, future studies need to focus on standardizing target selection, employing rigorous control analyses, and investigating underexplored EEG markers. These steps are vital to bolster the evidence for EEG NFT and enhance its effectiveness in boosting sport performance.