线粒体自噬是选择性自噬的过程,可去除多余和功能失调的线粒体。线粒体自噬最初是在哺乳动物细胞中表征的,现在被认为遵循几种途径,包括特定器官中的基础形式。线粒体自噬途径受多种调节,往往是相互关联的因素。本综述旨在简化这种复杂性,并评估可能定义线粒体自噬进化起源的常见元素。线粒体表面线粒体自噬信号传导的关键问题可能从根本上来自线粒体膜动力学。这种膜动力学的元素可能起源于我们线粒体的α变形杆菌祖先的内共生过程,但在基底后生动物中经历了进化飞跃,这决定了目前已知的线粒体自噬信号变化。缩写:AGPAT,1-酰基甘油-3-磷酸O-酰基转移酶;ATG,自噬相关;BCL2L13,BCL2样13;BNIP3,BCL2相互作用蛋白3;BNIP3L,BCL2相互作用蛋白3样;CALCOCO,钙结合和卷曲螺旋结构域;CL,心磷脂;ER,内质网;ERMES,ER-线粒体相遇结构;FBXL4,F-box和富含亮氨酸的重复蛋白4;FUNDC1,含FUN14结构域1;GABARAPL1,GABAA型受体相关蛋白样1;HIF,低氧诱导因子;IMM,线粒体内膜;LBPA/BMP,溶双磷脂酸;LIR,LC3相互作用区;LPA,溶血磷脂酸;MAM,线粒体相关膜;MAP1LC3/LC3,微管相关蛋白1轻链3;MCL,单心磷脂;ML,最大似然;NBR1,NBR1自噬货物受体;OMM,线粒体外膜;PA,磷脂酸;PACS2,磷脂酸酸性簇分选蛋白2;PC/PLC,磷脂酰胆碱;PE,磷脂酰乙醇胺;PHB2,阻抑素2;PINK1,PTEN诱导激酶1;PtdIns,磷脂酰肌醇;SAR,Stramenopiles,丝通和根瘤菌;TAX1BP1,Tax1结合蛋白1;ULK1,unc-51样自噬激活激酶1;VDAC/孔蛋白,电压依赖性阴离子通道。
Mitophagy is the process of selective autophagy that removes superfluous and dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy was first characterized in mammalian cells and is now recognized to follow several pathways including basal forms in specific organs. Mitophagy pathways are regulated by multiple, often interconnected factors. The present review aims to streamline this complexity and evaluate common elements that may define the evolutionary origin of mitophagy. Key issues surrounding mitophagy signaling at the mitochondrial surface may fundamentally derive from mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Elements of such membrane dynamics likely originated during the endosymbiosis of the alphaproteobacterial ancestor of our mitochondria but underwent an evolutionary leap forward in basal metazoa that determined the currently known variations in mitophagy signaling.Abbreviations: AGPAT, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; ATG, autophagy related; BCL2L13, BCL2 like 13;
BNIP3, BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L, BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CALCOCO, calcium binding and coiled-coil domain; CL, cardiolipin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERMES, ER-mitochondria encounter structure; FBXL4, F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 4; FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1; GABARAPL1, GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; HIF, hypoxia inducible factor; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; LBPA/BMP, lysobisphosphatidic acid; LIR, LC3-interacting region; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; MAM, mitochondria-associated membranes; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCL, monolysocardiolipin; ML, maximum likelihood; NBR1, NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; PA, phosphatidic acid; PACS2, phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2; PC/PLC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PHB2, prohibitin 2; PINK1, PTEN induced kinase 1; PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; SAR, Stramenopiles, Apicomplexa and Rhizaria; TAX1BP1, Tax1 binding protein 1; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VDAC/porin, voltage dependent anion channel.