目标:鉴于伊朗最近向民主人口政策转变,人们对堕胎率的潜在增加感到担忧。这项综述研究考察了(医学)的趋势,故意(非法),在过去的二十年里,伊朗的自然堕胎,以及促成这些趋势的因素。
方法:本文回顾了2005年至2022年间发表的有关伊朗堕胎的研究文章。该研究采用PRISMA清单进行系统评价。文章从国际搜索(谷歌学者,PubMed,科学直接,和WebofScience)和国家数据库(Magiran,Medlib,SID)。一旦适用了资格标准,从最初的349条记录中包括42条记录。
结果:堕胎受各种社会经济和文化因素以及计划生育服务的可获得性的影响。导致意外怀孕的因素包括对堕胎的态度,关于生殖健康的知识,获得生殖健康服务,和生育欲望,在其他人中。除了健康和医疗因素,近亲结婚在自然流产和治疗性流产中起着重要作用。据报告,来自更有特权的社会经济阶层的妇女非法堕胎数量更高。相比之下,社会经济地位较低的女性报告了更多的医疗和自然流产。
结论:伊朗政策制定者对生育率下降感到担忧,并转向了女性政策。从人口统计的角度来看,这似乎是一个合理的方法。然而,新的人口政策,特别是,《家庭保护和青年人口法》,加上在获得生殖健康服务和产前筛查测试方面的限制,以及更严格的堕胎法,可能会导致各种类型的堕胎及其相关后果的增加。
OBJECTIVE: Given Iran\'s recent shift towards pronatalist population policies, concerns have arisen regarding the potential increase in abortion rates. This review study examines the trends of (medical), intentional (illegal), and spontaneous abortions in Iran over the past two decades, as well as the factors that have contributed to these trends.
METHODS: This paper reviewed research articles published between 2005 and 2022 on abortion in Iran. The study employed the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews. Articles were searched from international (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science) and national databases (Magiran, Medlib, SID). Once the eligibility criteria were applied, 42 records were included from the initial 349 records.
RESULTS: Abortion is influenced by a variety of socioeconomic and cultural factors and the availability of family planning services. Factors that contribute to unintended pregnancy include attitudes toward abortion, knowledge about reproductive health, access to reproductive health services, and fertility desires, among others. In addition to health and medical factors, consanguineous marriage plays an important role in spontaneous and therapeutic abortion. A higher number of illegal abortions were reported by women from more privileged socioeconomic classes. In comparison, a higher number of medical and spontaneous abortions were reported by women from less privileged socioeconomic classes.
CONCLUSIONS: Iranian policymakers are concerned about the declining fertility rate and have turned to pronatalist policies. From a demographic standpoint, this seems to be a reasonable approach. However, the new population policies, particularly, the Family Protection and Young Population Law, along with creating limitations in access to reproductive health services and prenatal screening tests as well as stricter abortion law could potentially lead to an increase in various types of abortions and their associated consequences.