背景:直到最近,患有相同类型和阶段癌症的患者都接受相同的治疗。它已经建立,然而,患有相同疾病的个体对相同治疗的反应不同。Further,每个肿瘤都经历基因变化,导致癌症生长和转移。在一个人的癌症中发生的变化可能不会发生在具有相同癌症类型的其他人中。这些差异也导致对治疗的不同反应。精准医学,也被称为个性化医疗,是一种策略,允许根据患者的基因组成选择治疗方法。在癌症的情况下,这种治疗是为考虑到个体肿瘤中可能发生的遗传变化而定制的。精准医学,因此,可以根据靶向治疗涉及的靶标来定义。
方法:在电子数据库中使用关键词“癌症靶向治疗,从2010年至2019年6月,进行了个性化医学和癌症联合治疗,包括论文。
结果:报道了靶向癌症治疗策略的最新进展。具体来说,关于两种靶向治疗;第一,基于免疫的治疗,如使用免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs),免疫细胞因子,肿瘤靶向超抗原(TTS)和配体靶向治疗剂(LTT)。第二种策略涉及基于酶/小分子的疗法,例如使用蛋白水解靶向嵌合体(PROTAC),抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)和抗体导向的酶前药治疗(ADEPT)。还研究了药物对受到攻击的基因或蛋白质的精确靶向,换句话说,如何使用精准医学来定制治疗方法。
结论:癌症和其他疾病的常规治疗模式集中于对所有患者进行单一类型的干预。然而,肿瘤学的大量文献支持精准医学治疗方法以及联合治疗的治疗益处.
BACKGROUND: Until recently, patients who have the same type and stage of cancer all receive the same treatment. It has been established, however, that individuals with the same disease respond differently to the same therapy. Further, each tumor undergoes genetic changes that cause cancer to grow and metastasize. The changes that occur in one person\'s cancer may not occur in others with the same cancer type. These differences also lead to different responses to treatment. Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, is a strategy that allows the selection of a treatment based on the patient\'s genetic makeup. In the case of cancer, the treatment is tailored to take into account the genetic changes that may occur in an individual\'s tumor. Precision medicine, therefore, could be defined in terms of the targets involved in targeted therapy.
METHODS: A literature search in electronic data bases using keywords \"cancer targeted therapy, personalized medicine and cancer combination therapies\" was conducted to include papers from 2010 to June 2019.
RESULTS: Recent developments in strategies of targeted cancer therapy were reported. Specifically, on the two types of targeted therapy; first, immune-based therapy such as the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immune cytokines, tumor-targeted superantigens (TTS) and ligand targeted therapeutics (LTTs). The second strategy deals with enzyme/small molecules-based therapies, such as the use of a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (
ADEPT). The precise targeting of the drug to the gene or protein under attack was also investigated, in other words, how precision medicine can be used to tailor treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: The conventional therapeutic paradigm for cancer and other diseases has focused on a single type of intervention for all patients. However, a large literature in oncology supports the therapeutic benefits of a precision medicine approach to therapy as well as combination therapies.