背景:过度依赖社交媒体引起的社交媒体成瘾(SMA)正在成为一个全球性问题。目前,大多数SMA研究招募大学生作为研究参与者,很少有研究涉及工人和其他年龄组,尤其是在中国。
目的:本研究旨在调查中国工人SMA的现状并分析其影响因素。
方法:从2022年11月1日至2023年1月30日,我们在中国大陆进行了基于网络的匿名问卷调查,共有5176名参与者完成了问卷。问卷包括社交网络服务成瘾量表,Maslach倦怠量表-一般调查量表,正念注意意识量表,以及关于参与者社交媒体使用习惯和人口统计信息的问卷。
结果:通过严格的筛选,本研究纳入有效问卷3468份。这项研究的主要发现如下:工人的平均SMA得分较高(平均53.19,SD12.04),其中一些(393/3468,11.33%)严重依赖社交媒体;不同行业工人的SMA得分差异有统计学意义(F14,3453=3.98;P<.001);单身工人(t3106=8.6;P<.001)和有关系的工人(t2749=5.67;P<.001)的SMA得分高于已婚工人,但部分已婚工人(214/3468,6.17%)高度依赖社交媒体;女性工人的SMA水平高于男性工人(t3466=3.65;P<.001),工人的SMA得分与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.22;P<.001),与受教育程度呈正相关(r=0.12;P<.001);在工作期间使用社交媒体进行娱乐的频率(r=0.33;P<.001)和使用社交媒体熬夜的频率(r=0.14;P<.001)与工人的SMA水平呈正相关(r<0.35);工人的SMA水平与他们的而与正念水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.55;P<.001)。
结论:这项研究的结果表明,中国工人中的SMA问题相对严重,工人中的SMA问题需要社会和学术界的更多关注。特别是,女工,年轻工人,未婚工人,受过高等教育的工人,有不良社交媒体习惯的员工,职业倦怠程度较高的工人,正念水平低的工人高度依赖社交媒体。此外,职业是SMA的重要影响因素。因此,政府应该加强对社交媒体公司的监管。医疗机构应提供有关SMA的健康教育,并为那些沉迷于社交媒体的人提供干预计划。工人应该在使用社交媒体的同时培养健康的习惯。
BACKGROUND: Social media addiction (SMA) caused by excessive dependence on social media is becoming a global problem. At present, most of the SMA studies recruit college students as research participants, with very few studies involving workers and other age groups, especially in
China.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the current status of SMA among Chinese workers and analyze its influencing factors.
METHODS: From November 1, 2022, to January 30, 2023, we conducted an anonymous web-based questionnaire survey in mainland
China, and a total of 5176 participants completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Social Networking Service Addiction Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, as well as questionnaires regarding participants\' social media use habits and demographic information.
RESULTS: Through strict screening, 3468 valid questionnaires were included in this study. The main findings of this study revealed the following: the average SMA score of workers was higher (mean 53.19, SD 12.04), and some of them (393/3468, 11.33%) relied heavily on social media; there were statistically significant differences in SMA scores among workers in different industries (F14,3453=3.98; P<.001); single workers (t3106=8.6; P<.001) and workers in a relationship (t2749=5.67; P<.001) had higher SMA scores than married workers, but some married workers (214/3468, 6.17%) were highly dependent on social media; the level of SMA among female workers was higher than that of male workers (t3466=3.65; P<.001), and the SMA score of workers negatively correlated with age (r=-0.22; P<.001) and positively correlated with education level (r=0.12; P<.001); the frequency of using social media for entertainment during work (r=0.33; P<.001) and the frequency of staying up late using social media (r=0.14; P<.001) were positively correlated with the level of SMA in workers; and the level of SMA in workers was significantly positively correlated with their level of burnout (r=0.35; P<.001), whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with their level of mindfulness (r=-0.55; P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that SMA among Chinese workers is relatively serious and that the SMA problem among workers requires more attention from society and academia. In particular, female workers, young workers, unmarried workers, highly educated workers, workers with bad social media habits, workers with high levels of job burnout, and workers with low levels of mindfulness were highly dependent on social media. In addition, occupation is an important influencing factor in SMA. Thus, the government should strengthen the supervision of social media companies. Medical institutions should provide health education on SMA and offer intervention programs for those addicted to social media. Workers should cultivate healthy habits while using social media.