Antisense long non-coding RNA (AS-lncRNA) represents a novel class of RNA molecules. In recent years, it has been discovered that AS-lncRNAs play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly in the onset and progression of tumors. Skull base tumors, originating from the base of the brain, exhibit specific expression patterns of AS-lncRNA which correlate significantly with clinical characteristics. This makes AS-lncRNA a promising candidate as a tumor marker. Functional studies have revealed that AS-lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by acting as miRNA sponges and interacting with RBPs. Consequently, they play pivotal roles in tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis processes. Further exploration into the mechanisms of AS-lncRNA in tumors holds substantial theoretical significance for deeper insights into the etiology, pathogenesis, and RNA dynamics of skull base tumors. Moreover, AS-lncRNA could serve as molecular markers or potential targets for early diagnosis. Their potential extends to efficacy assessment, prognosis prediction, and gene therapy, suggesting broad clinical applications. In summary, AS-lncRNA emerges as a promising molecular marker implicated in the onset and progression of skull base tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the overall long-term outcome of surgically treated skull base and temporal bone chondrosarcomas.
METHODS: The medical records of patients with surgically treated skull base and temporal bone chondrosarcomas between 1983 and 2024 were thoroughly evaluated.
RESULTS: Out of a total of over 5000 skull base surgeries performed at our center, only 29 patients had histopathologically confirmed chondrosarcomas of the skull base and temporal bone. The mean of patients age was 45.6, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.9:1. The most common symptoms included hearing loss (58.6%), tinnitus (41.4%), diplopia (31%), dysphonia (24.1%), dysphagia (20.7%), vertigo (10.3%), and dizziness (10.3%). The most frequent locations of lesions among the 29 patients are as follows: petroclival region (34.5%), jugular foramen (27.6%), petrous apex (17.2%), middle ear (13.8%), others (3.4%). TO, IFTA, IFTB, IFTC, POTS, and combined surgical approaches were commonly used. The rate of gross total removal and recurrence was 82.6% and 13.8% respectively. The follow-up duration of 6 patients was more than five years and less than ten years whereas ten patients had more than ten years of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base and temporal bone is a very rare pathology. Due to its multiple potential sites of origin and histological specificity, it presents us with significant challenges. Gross total removal is the primary treatment for chondrosarcoma of the skull base and temporal bone. Personalized decision-making should be considered based on the following aspects: tumor, patient, and surgeon\'s factors. Postoperative radiation therapy is complementary to surgical treatment in grades II and III lesions to achieve long-term survival.

Objective:To preliminarily study the practical value of Indocyanine green（ICG） molecular fluorescence imaging technology in nasal endoscopic tumor surgery. Methods:Five patients with tumors related to nasal sinuses, orbital wall and skull base in the Department of Otolaryngology head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command from December 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled. Among them, 3 were benign tumors and 2 were malignant tumors. All patients underwent surgery under the guidance of ICG molecular fluorescence imaging. ICG was administered intravenously through cubital vein at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 12 to 24 h before surgery. Tumors were labeled by fluorescence imaging during the operation. surgeons cleared the tumor tissue strictly according to the labeled range and depth, malignant tumors were further expanded and cleaned according to pathology results. Results:All 5 patients achieved accurate tumor localization with the aid of fluorescence imaging technology. Resections were performed with reference to fluorescent labeling boundaries, all patients achieved complete tumor cleanup or negative margins. Conclusion:For tumor-related surgery under nasal endoscopy, ICG molecular fluorescence imaging technology can not only achieve accurate real-time positioning, but also provide evidence for surgeons to judge tumor boundaries. Therefore, we believe that the technology should have certain practical value in nasal endoscopic tumor surgery.
目的：初步探讨吲哚菁绿（indocyanine green，ICG）分子荧光成像技术在鼻内镜下肿瘤手术中的应用价值。 方法：以2022年12月—2023年4月间新疆军区总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科5例鼻腔鼻窦、眶壁、颅底相关肿瘤患者作为研究对象，其中良性肿瘤3例，恶性肿瘤2例。所有患者皆在ICG分子荧光成像技术指导下完成手术。术前12～24 h按0.5 mg/kg剂量经肘静脉静推ICG；术中通过荧光成像对肿瘤进行标记，术者严格按标记范围、深度清除肿物组织，恶性肿瘤根据病检结果做进一步扩大清理。 结果：5例患者在荧光成像技术辅助下，均实现了精准的肿瘤定位；参照荧光标记界限进行切除，对患者均做到了肿瘤的彻底清理或切缘阴性。 结论：针对鼻内镜下肿瘤相关手术，ICG分子荧光成像技术不仅能做到实时精准定位，而且能为术者判断肿瘤边界提供依据。因此认为该项技术在鼻内镜肿瘤手术中应具有一定的应用价值。.

Metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (MPP) is a rare endocrine tumor that originates from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells such as the paraganglia cells of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. It usually causes multiple solid tumors and exhibits strong aggressiveness with poor prognosis, with a reported 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Cases of brain and retroperitoneal metastases at the initial diagnosis have not yet been reported. We report a 41-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with MPP in the brain and retroperitoneum who underwent multi-disciplinary collaborative surgery and simultaneous removal of two tumors at our center. Postoperative pathology revealed infiltrative growth of a skull base tumor. The patient chose to receive the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib as a targeted treatment. A 3-month follow-up after surgery showed that the patient recovered well without signs of metastasis or recurrence. We present multi-disciplinary surgery under similar circumstances for enhanced treatment and postoperative management. The patient demonstrates a favorable prognosis during postoperative follow-up, indicating that simultaneous multidisciplinary surgery may offer greater benefits for MPP patients.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study is to investigate the surgical methods and clinical effects of high-flow revascularization in microsurgery combined with endoscopic endonasal surgery for skull base tumors with intracranial and extracranial involvement.
UNASSIGNED: The relationships between skull base tumors and internal carotid artery (ICA), tumor location and size, and the extent of tumor invasion were assessed. Preoperative CT perfusion (CTP), magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) (MR-PWI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed to evaluate collateral circulation and brain tissue perfusion. Then craniotomy through the fronto-orbitozygomatic approach was performed, based on which four cases received extended middle skull base approach+Dolenc approach + Fukushima bypass type I, and six cases received extended middle skull base approach+Fukushima bypass type III. After surgery, DSA, CT angiogram (CTA), and CTP/PWI were performed to evaluate the patency of the reconstructed vessels and cerebral perfusion, and contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate the degree of tumor resection. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 10 cases investigated, gross total resection was achieved in 8 cases, subtotal resection in 1 case, and partial resection in 1 case, as confirmed by CT and enhanced MRI. The patency of revascularization vessels was observed using fluorescein angiography during the operation in all patients and via DSA and CTA postoperatively in nine patients. One patient underwent ventilator-assisted ventilation because of respiratory failure and failed to undergo DSA and CTA. Regarding postoperative complications, one patient developed watershed cerebral infarction on the operated side but no sequelae after drug treatment, three patients developed facial numbness, which improved after 3 months, and two patients experienced worsened diplopia. After 6 to 12 months of follow-up on the nine evaluable patients, the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was 4-5 after surgery. In addition, 6-month follow-up results showed that one patient with clival chondrosarcoma developed recurrence on contrast-enhanced MRI, while no relapse was observed in the other patients.
UNASSIGNED: For skull base tumors with intracranial and extracranial invasion and involving the ICA, revascularization might improve the total resection rate and reduce the recurrence rate and risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ischemia.

Skull base tumors are challenging to treat because of their deep location, complex anatomy, and close proximity to important blood vessels and nerves. Furthermore, some patients with cranial tumors are found to have aneurysms, but there is no consensus on how to evaluate the impact of aneurysms on surgery and how to handle the lesions safely and effectively. We retrospectively reviewed our database to identify all patients with a skull base tumor treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2021. The records of patients with skull base tumors associated with aneurysms were analyzed. The operative methods and postoperative follow-up information were collected. We analyzed a total of 481 patients with skull base tumors, comprising 224 males and 257 females with a mean age of 48 ± 14 years. Twenty-four patients (24/481, 5.0%) were diagnosed with aneurysms. For eight patients, it was considered necessary to perform aneurysm treatment before or during the tumor resection surgery. For the other 16 patients, the recommendation was to monitor the aneurysm or perform elective aneurysm treatment after tumor resection. All patients with both skull base tumors and aneurysms benefited from treatment. No severe postoperative complications occurred. We summarized the final treatment plan for all patients with skull base tumors with aneurysms and proposed a protocol to decrease the surgical risk of patients with skull base tumors associated with aneurysms.

UNASSIGNED: The current study was conducted to explore the clinical characteristics of hyponatremia after neuroendoscopic skull base tumor resection, and to summarize the nursing experience and provide insight for nursing management.
UNASSIGNED: In total, we enrolled 181 patients who underwent neuroendoscopic resection of skull base tumors in the Department of Neurosurgery of our hospital from 2016 to 2021. The patients\' general data and parameters, including blood sodium level, polyuria, and other symptoms in different periods after surgery, were retrospectively reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-four patients developed hyponatremia after Surgery. The total incidence of hyponatremia was 24.30%, including 38 cases of mild hyponatremia and 6 cases of moderate and severe hyponatremia. Most cases of moderate and severe hyponatremia occurred 6 days after surgery. The incidence of hyponatremia varied in different pathological types and periods in patients undergoing skull base tumors. After standardized sodium supplementation, water restriction, and urine volume control, hyponatremia was corrected in all patients, and no osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) and nursing-related events occurred.
UNASSIGNED: Secondary hyponatremia after neuroendoscopic resection of skull base tumors can occur in various time periods after surgery. Early monitoring of manifestations and standardized intervention are thus necessary for clinical nursing practice to timely correct hyponatremia and avoid demyelination.

UNASSIGNED: To analyze the surgical effects of resecting skull base tumors using multimodal three-dimensional (3D) image fusion technology in the neurosurgery department and present some typical cases.
UNASSIGNED: From October 2019 to October 2021, we included 47 consecutive patients with skull base tumors in the Neurosurgery Department at Zhuhai People\'s Hospital in this study. Pre-operative head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition was performed using the GE AW workstation software for registration fusion, image fusion, and 3D reconstruction. The surgical approach and surgical plan were designed based on the multimodal 3D image, and the resection rate, complication rate, and operative time of the surgery using the multimodal image fusion technique were analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: The reconstructed multimodal 3D images precisely demonstrated the size, location, and shape of the tumor along with the anatomical relationship between the tumor and surrounding structures, which is consistent with the intraoperative findings. Among 47 patients, 39 patients (78.7%) underwent total resection, 5 (14.9%) underwent subtotal resection, and 3 (6.4%) underwent partial resection. The mean operative time was 4.42 ± 1.32 h. No patient died during the inpatient period. Post-operative complications included 6 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (14.9%), 3 cases of intracranial infection (6.4%), 6 cases of facial paralysis (12.8%), 2 cases of dysphagia (4.3%), and 1 case of diplopia (2.1%), all of which were improved after symptomatic treatment. The application value of pre-operative 3D image fusion technology was evaluated as outstanding in 40 cases (85.1%) and valuable in 7 cases (14.9%).
UNASSIGNED: Pre-operative multimodal image fusion technology can provide valuable visual information in skull base tumor surgery and help neurosurgeons design the surgical incision, choose a more rational surgical approach, and precisely resect the tumor. The multimodal image fusion technique should be strongly recommended for skull base tumor surgery.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lumbar drainage (LD) in preventing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after endoscopic skull base tumor resection. Methods: A systematic online search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 2006 to July 2019. Data analyses were performed by the Cochrane Collaboration\'s Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: Eight studies, including two randomized controlled trials and six observational studies, met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the post-operative CSF leak rate between the LD group and the non-LD group [odds ratio (OR), 0.80; 95%CI, 0.37-1.74; I 2 = 37%; P = 0.57). Subgroup analysis of the intraoperative high-flow leaks, including 4 studies and 313 patients, showed that LD was associated with reduced likelihood of post-operative CSF leak (OR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.17-0.83; I 2 = 0%; P = 0.02). The placement of LD was related to increased risk of headache compared with non-LD use, and no significant difference was found in the occurrence of deep vein thromboses and pulmonary emboli between two groups. Conclusion: LD is not recommended in all patients undergoing endoscopic skull base tumor resection. However, for patients with intraoperative high-flow leaks, LD is effective and safe in reducing risk of CSF leak.

The purpose of this study was to present our preliminary assessment of the safety and efficacy of 125 I interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) in the management of pediatric skull base tumors.
Thirty pediatric patients with skull base tumors treated with 125 I IBT from April 2007 to May 2017 were included in this study. The probabilities of local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
The one- and two-year LC rates were 96.7% and 74.8%, respectively. The one- and two-year OS rates were 93.3% and 72.2%, respectively. No severe acute toxicity was observed. Severe late toxicities were observed in one (3.33%) of 30 patients.
125 I IBT is effective and safe in the management of pediatric skull base tumors, with satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes.