BACKGROUND: Haemodialysis (HD) patients usually engage in a low level of physical activities, which could impact the prognosis and mortality of this group. Fitness Qigong Baduanjin, a physical exercise from traditional Chinese Medicine, is known to have benefit in chronic heart failure patients and peritoneal dialysis patients. However, researches about Baduanjin in HD patients are currently limited. So, the aim of the study is to investigate the current exercise intensity of HD patients and its influencing factors, and to explore the effects of Baduanjin on HD patients.
METHODS: This prospective, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial will enrol patients with end-stage kidney disease who were stable on HD for more than 3 months. All eligible participants will be randomly divided into the intervention group undergoing Baduanjin and the control group without Baduanjin in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group is required to perform Baduanjin two times per day, starting 30 min after breakfast and dinner, 45 min per session for a total of a 6 month, starting from 10 June 2024. Information such as laboratory biochemical examination indicators, radiological examination results and related scales and questionnaires will be collected at baseline, 1 month follow-up, 3 month follow-up and 6 month follow-up. All statistical tests are conducted through the two-tailed test, and a p-value≤0.05 will be considered statistically significant for the difference being tested. The description of quantitative indicators will be used in calculating the number of cases, mean, SD, median and IQR method. The classification indicators will be used to describe the number of cases and percentages (frequency and frequency rate).
BACKGROUND: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (V20230521). The results will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and a relevant academic conference.
BACKGROUND: ChiCTR2300074659.

Little is known about the prognostic value of left atrial strain by four-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in end-stage renal disease patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. This prospective study collected clinical and echocardiographic data from 80 stable dialysis patients (mean age 57 ± 10 years; 62.5% men). All patients underwent the dedicated four-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography to measure LASr (peak longitudinal strain of reservoir function), LAScd (peak longitudinal strain of conduit function), LASct (peak longitudinal strain of contractile function), LASr_c (peak circumferential strain of reservoir function), LAScd_c (peak circumferential strain of conduit function) and LASct_c (peak circumferential strain of contractile function). These patients were enrolled from August 2021 to August 2023 and followed-up for 19 months (interquartile-range 15 to 20 months). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The study patients were classified into event (developed mortality or MACEs) and event-free group according to the primary outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for all-cause mortality or MACEs. The event group had lower LASr (16.4% vs. 21.2%, P = 0.0003), LASct (8.2% vs. 11.2%, P = 0.01), LASr_c (25.2% vs. 35.0%, P = 0.0004) and LASct_c (14.9% vs. 20.9%, P = 0.001) than the event-free group. Using optimal cut-off value determined by ROC curve, the less LASr (LASr < 18.5%), LASct (LASct < 8.5%), LASr_c (LASr_c < 28.5%), and LASct_c (LASct_c < 17.5%) group had a higher mortality or MACEs rate. Multivariate cox regression analyses revealed that LASr (HR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.17; 0.91], P = 0.0005, per 1% increase) and LASr_c (HR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.87; 0.98], P = 0.01, per 1% increase) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality or MACEs. Less peak longitudinal and circumferential strains of reservoir function are predictive of poor prognosis among end-stage renal disease patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological mechanism of Roxadustat in the treatment of renal anemia.
METHODS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined Roxadustat and erythropoiesis stimulator (ESA) treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with ESAs alone, who were admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to December 2022.
METHODS: The patients were treated with Roxadustat combined with ESAs for 3 months, during which oral iron supplementation was given, and the changes in Hb levels and laboratory-related indicators before and after the combined treatment were analyzed.
RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 13 patients received combination therapy, with a significant increase in Hb compared to ESAs alone (t = -3.955, P = .002). The Hb qualification rate was 38.46%, and the ∆Hb response rate was 76.92%. The parathyroid hormone significantly decreased with a statistically significant difference (Z = -2.062b, P = .039). Hemoglobin (RBC), total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin (male) were significantly increased compared to ESAs alone. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than ESAs alone. The differences in the changes in the above indicators were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in other laboratory-related indicators (P > .05). No adverse reactions were observed during the combined treatment of 13 patients.
UNASSIGNED: The combination of Roxadustat and ESAs can effectively improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as improve indicators of hyperparathyroidism and blood lipid levels with high levels of safety. This combined treatment thus provides a new and safe treatment method for these patients.

Dental caries and periodontal disease are typical oral diseases frequently observed in patients with renal diseases. Tooth loss is an outcome of dental caries and periodontal disease, and the number of existing teeth is an indicator of oral health status. However, the association between the number of existing teeth and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health status, expressed by the number of existing teeth, and ESKD. We analyzed data from the second survey of the Longitudinal Evaluation of Multi-phasic, Odontological, and Nutritional Associations in Dentists, a cohort study conducted among members of the Japan Dental Association. From August 2016 to July 2017, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 16,128 male dentists and 8,722 responded. Among them, 7,479 men with complete data on age, number of existing teeth, and ESKD were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, with ESKD as the dependent variable and the number of existing teeth (≥23 teeth and <23 teeth) as the independent variable. Subgroup analysis by age (<65 years and ≥65 years) was also conducted. The <23 teeth group had a significantly higher rate of ESKD than did the ≥23 teeth group. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking habits, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, there was no significant association between having <23 teeth and ESKD in all participants. However, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant association after adjustment for covariates in participants aged <65 years but not in those aged ≥65 years. In conclusion, having <23 teeth was associated with the risk of requiring maintenance dialysis therapy among Japanese men aged <65 years. Therefore, tooth loss may be associated with renal function decline.

Patients who underwent arterio-arterial graft (AAG) surgery at Beijing Haidian Hospital from March 2021 to December 2023 were prospectively included. A total of 13 cases (6 males and 7 females) aged (59±13) years were collected, with a dialysis history of 4.0 (1.8, 10.0) years. Nine cases of \"bow\"-type AAG and 4 cases of \"α\"-type AAG were established. The follow-up time was 10 (7, 16) months. The primary patency and secondary patency rates at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were 92.3% and 100%, 81.8% and 90.9%, 57.1% and 57.1%, respectively. Stenosis, thrombosis and infection occurred in 2, 5 and 2 cases, respectively. The current study indicates that AAG surgery is simple, minimally invasive, and has a high long-term patency rate. It can be used as a new type of vascular access for patients who fail to establish conventional dialysis access.
前瞻性纳入2021年3月至2023年12月于北京市海淀医院行移植物动脉-动脉通路（AAG）的13例患者。男6例，女7例，年龄（59±13）岁，透析龄4.0（1.8，10.0）年。建立“弓”型AAG 9例，“α”型AAG 4例，随访时间10（7，16）个月。术后3、6、12个月初级和次级通畅率分别为92.3%和100%、81.8%和90.9%、57.1%和57.1%。2例次发生狭窄；5例次发生血栓形成；2例患者发生感染。可见，AAG手术操作简单，创伤小，长期通畅率较高，可作为无法建立常规透析通路患者新的血管通路类型。.

A total of 309 (138 males and 171 females) end-stage renal disease patients who underwent implantation of early cannulation arteriovenous grafts (Acuseal) for hemodialysis in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University between December 2016 and May 2021 were retrospectively included. The age of patients was (61.5±10.3) years. There were 244 patients (119 males and 125 females) who received regular follow-up. During the follow-up period, 24 patients died. Perioperative complications included graft infection (4.5%, 11/244), hematoma (4.5%, 11/244) and steal syndrome (4.1%, 10/244). No seroma or anastomotic rupture occurred. The rates of the first postoperative puncture time within 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after implantation were 42.2%(103/244), 32.4% (79/244) and 16.4% (40/244), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the primary patency rates at 6 months and 12 months were 66.5% and 48.4%, respectively, and the secondary patency rates at 6 months and 12 months were 96.7% and 91.8%, respectively. The current study indicates that the Acuseal graft is safe for vascular access in patients requiring hemodialysis, with satisfactory patency and acceptable complication rates at 1-year follow-up.
回顾性分析2016年12月至2021年5月在南方医科大学南方医院因血液透析植入即穿型人工血管构建动静脉移植物内瘘的309例终末期肾病患者（男138例，女171例）的临床资料。患者年龄（61.5±10.3）岁，其中244例患者（男119例，女125例）得到规律随访。随访期间24例患者死亡。309例患者中围手术期并发症包括移植物感染11例（4.5%），穿刺相关血肿11例（4.5%），窃血综合征10例（4.1%），无血清肿、吻合口破裂及移植物内瘘血栓形成发生。植入人工血管后24、48、72 h内进行第1次穿刺透析的比例分别为42.2%（103/244）、32.4%（79/244）、16.4%（40/244）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示，6、12个月初级通畅率分别为66.5%、48.4%，6、12个月次级通畅率分别为96.7%、91.8%。本研究结果显示即穿型人工血管移植物可安全地用于终末期肾病患者作为血管通路，其中12个月的随访结果满意。.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting primary patency time in arteriovenous graft (AVG) patients receiving percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Methods: Hemodialysis patients who underwent AVG placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between February 2018 and December 2021 were included. The factors including age, gender, total duration of AVG use, site of stenosis, degree of stenosis, length of stenosis, residual stenosis, and presence of thrombosis were analyzed, and influencing factors of primary patency time in AVG were determined using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 101 patients who underwent 331 PTA treatments were enrolled, including 35 males and 66 females. The median age of patients undergoing PTA for the first time was 61 (51, 68) years, and the primary patency time after PTA was 5 (3, 10) months. The patients were followed up for (38.5±15.3) months. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that severe stenosis at the venous anastomosis and reflux veins (β=-2.773, 95%CI:-5.440--0.105, P=0.042), female (β=-2.247, 95%CI:-3.853--0.642, P=0.006), and previous multiple PTA treatments (β=-0.516, 95%CI:-0.978--0.054, P=0.029) were risk factors for a shorter primary patency time after PTA. Conclusion: Severity of stenosis at the venous anastomosis and reflux veins of the AVG, female, and a history of multiple previous PTA treatments are associated with a shorter primary patency time in AVG patients.
目的： 探讨动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）行经皮腔内球囊血管成形（PTA）术后初级通畅时间的影响因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年2月至2021年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院行AVG置入的血液透析患者资料。分析年龄、性别、AVG使用时间、狭窄部位、狭窄程度、狭窄长度、残余狭窄、是否合并血栓形成等因素，采用多重线性回归模型分析PTA术后初级通畅时间的影响因素。 结果： 纳入101例患者，其中男35例，女66例，首次接受PTA的年龄［M（Q1，Q3）］为61（51，68）岁，随访时长（38.5±15.3）个月，PTA术后初级通畅时间为5（3，10）个月，共计331次PTA治疗。多重线性回归分析结果显示，静脉端吻合口和回流静脉闭塞（β=-2.773，95%CI：-5.440~-0.105，P=0.042）、女性（β=-2.247，95%CI：-3.853~-0.642，P=0.006）及既往PTA处理次数多（β=-0.516，95%CI：-0.978~-0.054，P=0.029）为PTA术后初级通畅时间短的危险因素。 结论： AVG静脉端吻合口和回流静脉狭窄程度、女性及既往多次PTA治疗与AVG患者PTA术后初级通畅时间短相关。.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of lower extremity arteriovenous graft (AVG) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Hemodialysis patients with lower extremity AVG from August 2015 to July 2023 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled. Therapeutic effects and complications of AVG were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 83 cases aged (58.9±13.3) years were enrolled, including 25 males and 58 females. The success rate of the operation was 100% (83/83), and no perioperative complications occurred. The follow-up time [M (Q1, Q3)] was 38.4 (22.6, 55.3) months, with a follow-up rate of 92.8% (77/83). There were 9 cases (11.7%) of puncture site infection, 5 cases (6.5%) of pseudoaneurysm, 2 cases (2.6%) of seroma, 3 cases (3.9%) of lower limb ischemia, 48 cases (62.3%) of stenosis and 24 cases (31.2%) of thrombosis during the follow-up period. The 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year primary patency rates after surgery were 78.9%, 61.2%, 39.0%, 27.0% and 16.3%, respectively, assisted primary patency rates were 93.5%, 82.5%, 74.9%, 68.0% and 53.0%, respectively, and secondary patency rates were 96.1%, 94.7%, 93.1%, 91.3% and 75.3%, respectively. Conclusion: For patients whose vascular resources of upper limbs are exhausted, lower extremity AVG is a safe and effective hemodialysis vascular access.
目的： 评价血液透析患者下肢动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）的长期应用效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2015年8月至2023年7月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院血管外科下肢AVG患者的临床资料，分析其通畅率和并发症发生情况。 结果： 共纳入83例患者，男25例，女58例，年龄（58.9±13.3）岁，AVG手术成功率为100%（83/83），无围手术期并发症。随访时间［M（Q1，Q3）］38.4（22.6，55.3）个月，随访率92.8%（77/83）。术后穿刺点感染9例（11.7%），穿刺点假性动脉瘤5例（6.5%），血清肿2例（2.6%），下肢缺血3例（3.9%），狭窄48例（62.3%），其中24例（31.2%）继发血栓形成。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示，术后6个月及1、2、3、5年初级通畅率分别为78.9%、61.2%、39.0%、27.0%、16.3%，初级辅助通畅率分别为93.5%、82.5%、74.9%、68.0%、53.0%，次级通畅率分别为 96.1%、94.7%、93.1%、91.3%、75.3%。 结论： 对于上肢血管资源耗竭的血液透析患者，下肢AVG是安全、有效的血管通路之一。.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, intervention methods and effect of arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients who received AVG in the Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patency rate, prevalence and intervention effect of AVG stenosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 475 patients aged (55.5±11.8) years were included, and there were 193 male cases (40.6%) and 282 female cases (59.4%). The patients were followed up for [M (Q1, Q3)] 19 (12, 30) months, and the primary, assisted primary and secondary patency were 14 (5, 27), 27 (13, 55), and 59 (33, 65) months, respectively. There were 799 access events which needed intervention, with a total standardized intervention rate of 0.90 per patient-year. Totally, 431(53.9%, 431/799) stenosis events occurred in 207 AVG. Among 422 AVG stenosis events with complete clinical data, 57.8% (244/422) were multi-site stenosis and 42.2% (178/422) were single-site stenosis. The most common sites of stenosis were graft-vein anastomosis (47.6%, 340/715), venous outflows (22.7%, 162/715), and puncture zone (20.0%, 143/715). In the 414 stenosis with intact follow-up data, 90.8% (376/414) were treated by balloon angioplasty, 8.5% (35/414) received covered stent insertion, and 0.7% (3/414) were intervened by open surgery. Clinical success rate was 98.1% (406/414). The primary patency time after endovascular treatment was 6 (4, 12) months. Covered stent significantly increased post-intervention primary patency time compared withballoon angioplasty [6 (3, 7) months vs 3 (1, 4) months, P=0.020]. Conclusions: Stenosis is the most common complication of AVG, and the most common sites are graft-vein anastomosis, venous outflows, and puncture zone. Intervention of AVG stenosis has a high clinical success rate, and a relatively low post-intervention patency. Covered stent insertion improves the post-intervention patency of AVG, which has a poor effect using balloon expansion.
目的： 探讨血液透析患者动静脉移植物内瘘（AVG）狭窄的发生情况、干预方式及效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院血液净化中心构建AVG患者的通路资料。分析AVG的通畅情况、通路事件干预情况、AVG狭窄的发生情况及不同干预方式的效果。 结果： 共纳入475例患者，男193例（40.6%），女282例（59.4%），年龄（55.5±11.8）岁。随访时间［M（Q1，Q3）］19（12，30）个月，AVG的初级、初级辅助、次级通畅时间分别为14（5，27）、27（13，55）及59（33，65）个月。共发生799 例次进行干预的通路事件，标化干预率为0.90次/患者年，其中431例次（53.9%，431/799）为狭窄。狭窄事件集中发生在207个AVG中。在临床资料完善的422例次AVG狭窄事件中，57.8%（244/422）为多部位狭窄，42.2 %（178/422）为单一部位狭窄；狭窄前三位的好发部位分别为静脉吻合口附近（47.6%，340/715）、静脉流出道（22.7%，162/715）、穿刺区域（20.0%，143/715）。在干预后随访资料完整的414例次狭窄干预中，376例次（90.8%，376/414）采用经皮腔内球囊扩张术进行干预，35例次（8.5%，35/414）植入覆膜支架，3 例次（0.7%，3/414）采用外科干预，临床成功率98.1%（406/414）。腔内介入干预后的初级通畅时间为6（4，12）个月。支架植入患者术后AVG的初级通畅时间优于支架植入术前一次单纯球囊扩张干预后的初级通畅时间［6（3，7）个月比3（1，4）个月，P=0.020］。 结论： 狭窄是AVG最常见的并发症，好发部位依次为静脉吻合口附近、静脉流出道和穿刺区域。AVG狭窄干预有较高的临床成功率，但干预后初级通畅时间较短。支架植入术可改善球囊扩张效果较差的AVG狭窄的通畅时间。.

Hemodialysis remains the main kidney replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients worldwide. When superficial veins are exhausted or arteriovenous fistula cannot be established, arteriovenous graft fistula should be selected as the permanent dialysis access. The article elaborates on the process of arteriovenous graft fistula construction, including many technical aspects, such as preoperative evaluation, surgical plan, graft selection, preoperative preparation, and surgical procedure, which are related to surgical outcomes, complications, and long-term patency rate.
血液透析目前仍然为终末期肾病患者的主要肾脏替代治疗方案，当浅静脉耗竭，或因其他原因无法建立自体动静脉内瘘时，应选择动静脉移植物内瘘作为患者的永久透析通路。本文对动静脉移植物内瘘的构建及技术要点进行阐述，涵盖术前评估、手术方案设计、移植物血管选择、术前准备及手术操作等诸多技术环节，关系到手术结局、并发症和远期通畅率。.