背景:低能量可用性(LEA)是运动员中观察到的一种医疗状况,在审美运动中的患病率较高。第一次,这项研究评估了LEA在中国女性精英运动员(ELA)和休闲运动员(REA)中的相对患病率。
方法:来自6项运动的女运动员(蹦床,艺术体操,健美操,舞蹈运动,啦啦队和舞蹈)被招募,包括中国国家队的ELA(n=52;年龄=20±3)和北京体育大学的REA(n=114;年龄=20±2)。参与者完成了2份在线问卷,以评估LEA和饮食失调风险。其中包括女性低能量可用性问卷(LEAF-Q),提供了受伤历史的信息,胃肠功能和月经史,和饮食失调清单-3推荐表格(EDI-3RF)。对于一组精英运动员(n=14),身体成分,骨矿物质密度,和血清也进行了定量。
结果:41.6%的参与者(n=69)的LEA风险增加,57.2%的参与者(n=95)被归类为进食障碍风险高。对于ELAvs.REA,LEA风险的患病率明显更高(55.8%vs.35.1%;p=0.012)和闭经(53.8%vs.13.3%;p<0.001)。LEA风险增加的优秀运动员的雌二醇(p=0.021)和全身BMD(p=0.028)显着降低。Pearson相关性表明,全身BMD(r=-0.667,p=0.009)与LEAF-Q评分呈负相关。
结论:这项研究的结果表明,在美学运动中,中国女运动员存在LEA的风险,在ELA中观察到的LEA风险增加的患病率明显高于REA。中国教练和运动医学工作人员在审美运动中工作的精英女运动员应制定策略,以减少LEA的患病率。
BACKGROUND: Low energy availability (LEA) is a medical condition observed in athletes, with a higher prevalence in aesthetic sports. For the first time, this study evaluated the relative prevalence of LEA in female elite athletes (ELA) and recreational athletes (REA) in aesthetic sports in
China.
METHODS: Female athletes from 6 sports (trampolining, rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, dance sport, cheerleading and dance) were recruited, including ELA (n = 52; age = 20 ± 3) on Chinese national teams and REA (n = 114; Age = 20 ± 2) from Beijing Sport University. Participants completed 2 online questionnaires to assess LEA and eating disorder risk. These included the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), which provided information on injury history, gastrointestinal function and menstrual history, and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 Referral Form (EDI-3 RF). For a sub-group of elite athletes (n = 14), body composition, bone mineral density, and blood serum were also quantified.
RESULTS: A total of 41.6% of participants (n = 69) were at increased risk of LEA, and 57.2% of participants (n = 95) were classified as high in eating disorder risk. For ELA vs. REA, there was a significantly higher prevalence of LEA risk (55.8% vs. 35.1%; p = 0.012) and amenorrhea (53.8% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.001). Elite athletes at increased risk of LEA had significantly lower estradiol (p = 0.021) and whole-body BMD (p = 0.028). Pearson correlations indicated that the whole-body BMD (r = - 0.667, p = 0.009) correlated negatively with LEAF-Q score.
CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that there is a risk of LEA in female Chinese athletes within aesthetic sports, and significantly higher prevalence of increased LEA risk observed in ELA than in REA. Chinese coaches and sports medicine staff working elite female athletes in aesthetic sports should develop strategies to reduce the prevalence of LEA.