Through the report of 4 cases of occupational heatstroke among sanitation workers working in high-temperature weather, this study analyzes the risk of occupational heatstroke among workers in the environmental sanitation industry working in high-temperature weather, and provides scientific suggestions for standardizing occupational health management, safeguarding the health rights and interests of workers, and preventing the occurrence of occupational heatstroke in summer. Through case analysis, we aim to raise high awareness of the occupational health of sanitation workers in the whole society, in order to provide a scientific and healthy working environment for sanitation workers and promote their physical and mental health.
通过4例环卫工人高温天气作业职业性中暑病例报道，分析环境卫生行业高温天气作业人员发生职业性中暑风险，为该行业规范职业卫生管理工作、维护劳动者健康权益及预防夏季职业性中暑的发生提供科学建议。通过病例分析，提高全社会对环卫工人职业健康的高度关注，以期为环卫工人提供科学健康工作环境，促进劳动者身心健康。.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely utilized in industries. However, The specific exposure features of REEs and potential biomarkers of exposure in occupational populations remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the external and internal REEs exposure levels among the participants working in the ionic rare earth smelting plant. For the external exposure, the concentrations of 14 REEs and total rare earth elements (ΣREEs) in airborne particles were significantly elevated in the REEs-exposed versus non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of Yttrium (Y), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), and ΣREEs in urine were higher in the REEs-exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Notably, a significant positive correlation was observed between Y in both the airborne particles and urine samples as well as Gd, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.53 and 0.39 respectively, both P < 0.05. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were found in the levels of 15 REEs or ΣREEs in the blood samples between the REEs-exposed group and non-exposed group. Moreover, the concentrations of ΣREEs and 9 REEs in nail samples of the exposed group were significantly higher than those of the non-exposed group (P < 0.05), and the composition ratios of REEs in the nail samples closely resembled those found in individual airborne particles. Therefore, nail and urine samples were proposed to reflect long-term and short-term exposure to ionic rare earth respectively. Exposure biomarkers confirmed by external and internal exposure characteristics accurately provide the situation of human exposure to REEs environment, and have profound significance for monitoring and evaluating the level of REEs pollution in human body. It also provides a vital basis to find out the effect biomarkers, susceptible biomarkers and the health effects of rare earth environment for the future research.

BACKGROUND: Individuals in the workplace are exposed to various environments, tasks, and schedules. Previous studies have indicated a link between occupational exposures and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the social conditions of the work environment may also be a crucial contributing factor to CKD. Furthermore, individuals may encounter multiple occupational-related risk factors simultaneously, underscoring the importance of investigating the joint risk of different working conditions on CKD.
METHODS: A prospective analysis of 65,069 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years without CKD at baseline (2006-2010) was performed. A self-administered questionnaire assessed working conditions and a working conditions risk score were developed. Participants who answered \"sometimes\" or \"often\" exposure to occupational heat or occupational secondhand cigarette smoke; involved in shift work or heavy workloads (\"usually\" or \"always\"), were grouped as high-risk working conditions. Each working condition was scored as 1 if grouped as high-risk, and 0 if not. The working conditions risk score was equal to the sum of these four working conditions. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the associations between working conditions and CKD incidence.
RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 6.7 years. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and working time factors, the hazard ratios for the development of CKD for heavy workloads, shift work, occupational secondhand cigarette smoke exposure, and occupational heat exposure were 1.24 (95%CI = 1.03, 1.51), 1.33 (95%CI = 1.10, 1.62), 1.13 (95%CI = 1.01, 1.26), 1.11 (95%CI = 0.99, 1.24), respectively. The risk of CKD was found to be significantly associated with an increasing working conditions risk score. Individuals with a working conditions risk score of 4 had an 88.0% (95% CI = 1.05, 3.35) higher risk of developing CKD when compared to those with a working conditions risk score of 0.
CONCLUSIONS: Adverse working conditions, particularly when considered in combination, can significantly elevate the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These results provide a reference for implementing measures to prevent CKD.

UNASSIGNED: The involvement of Perchloroethylene (PCE) in the development of autoimmune diseases has been reported. However, few studies investigated immunotoxicity in PCE-exposed workers.
UNASSIGNED: To study changes in the oxidative stress and cytokine profile of young female dry-cleaning workers exposed to PCE.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-eight exposed workers and 38 unexposed controls were recruited. All the participants were young nonsmoker females. Individual interviews were conducted by a physician. Blood samples were collected and hematological tests were performed by an automated Coulter Counter. Plasma PCE levels were determined using gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the colorimetric method. The levels of plasma cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by commercially kits.
UNASSIGNED: The levels of plasma PCE averaged 561±96 ng/ml in the exposed group compared with 1.3±0.5 ng/ml in the controls. The hematological tests failed to find abnormalities in the exposed workers. Exposed workers presented significantly increased plasma levels of MDA, SOD and CAT. There were no significant differences between the two groups for level of plasma TAC. Significantly increased plasma IL-1β and TNF-α and decreased IL-2 and IL-8 levels were seen in the exposed workers. There were no significant differences between the two groups for IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ.
UNASSIGNED: PCE exposure resulted in changed cytokine profile in dry-cleaning workers, suggesting the potential immunotoxicity of PCE at low exposure levels.

Coxiella burnetii is globally distributed but evidence of zoonotic transmission in the Caribbean region is scarce. The bacterium presence is suspected on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. The risk of exposure of veterinary students was reported in other regions of the world but is not documented in the Caribbean region. The present study aimed to evaluate the risk of exposure to C. burnetii for pre-clinical veterinary students (mostly coming from the U.S.) attending an island-based veterinary school. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare incoming and outgoing veterinary students\' seroprevalence. Serology was performed using indirect immunofluorescence assay to test Coxiella burnetii Phase I and Phase II immunoglobulins M and G. Background data were gathered using a standardized questionnaire. A parallel study enrolled veterinary school employees in the same university. Of the 98 participants (48 incoming and 50 outgoing students), 41 (41.8%, 95 %CI: 31.9-52.2) were seropositive to C. burnetii. There was no significant difference between the two groups (45.8% for incoming vs. 38.0% for outgoing students) (p = 0.4). No risk factors (demographic, animal handling practices or background) were significantly more reported in the seropositive group. In the employee study, the seroprevalence was high with 8/15 seropositives (53.3%, 95 %CI: 26.6-78.7). Pre-clinical veterinary students do not have a higher risk of exposure to C. burnetii by attending the veterinary school in St. Kitts, but they are highly exposed before arrival on the island (seroprevalence of 45.8%). Most of these participants had experience with animals either through farming or previous veterinary technician employment. This indicates a high exposure in the U.S. young population aiming to become veterinarians. There is an urgent need to increase C. burnetii surveillance in animals and humans to apply relevant prevention and control measures, including recommendations for vaccination of students and professionals at risk.

Cancer is increasing in rate globally and is leading cause of death among no communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) after cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most of the research focuses on the risk of occupational injury, job stress, mental illness, substance abuse and workplace safety in physicians and nurses. However, fewer studies have investigated the risk of cancer in pharmacists. We compared the matched general population to investigate the risk of cancer in pharmacists in Taiwan. Data were obtained from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. We established a pharmacist group that included 11,568 pharmacists and selected a 4-fold comparison (n = 46,272) for the non-clinics comparison group, frequency being matched by age, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. The pharmacists had a lower but non-significant risk of all cancer (Adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-1.07) compared with the general population. Female pharmacists had a higher risk of cancer than male pharmacists ([aHR] = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06-1.43). Pharmacists had higher risks of breast cancer in females (aHR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.35-2.08) and of prostate cancer in males (aHR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.35-2.08) when compared with the general population. Occupational risk factors could play a role, but they were not evaluated. These epidemiological findings require additional studies to clarify cancer risk mechanisms in pharmacists.

To project the basis of occupational health examination quality assessment, and put forward advices for cheking: the quality and safety of occupational health examination, assessment requirements, the key points on-site, utilization of the quality assessment results. Total quality control (TQC) contains basic quality, link quality, final quality and front, middle, back of the quality in occupational health examination.
根据医疗机构质量管理和职业健康检查质量管理相关法律法规及要求，提出职业健康检查质量考核依据，从质量考核依据、质量与安全、质量管理考核要求、现场检查质量考核作业要点和考核结果处理与利用等五个方面阐述职业健康检查基础质量、环节质量、终末质量及外出职业健康检查的检查前、中、后的质量考核内容。.

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease that is mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue due to long-term inhalation of productive dust during occupational activities and retention in the lungs. Macrophages, epithelial cells and other cells can release a large number of cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, etc. These cytokines can participate in pathologies such as local injury, inflammatory response, and pulmonary fibrosis. This article reviews the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis in order to provide a basis for further research.
尘肺是由于在职业活动中长期吸入生产性粉尘并在肺内潴留而引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的职业性肺部疾病。巨噬细胞、上皮细胞等多种细胞可通过释放大量转化生长因子-β、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1等，细胞因子，如参与局部损伤、炎症反应及肺纤维化的形成等病理过程，现就细胞因子在尘肺发病过程中的作用机制进行综述，以期为进一步研究提供依据。.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotides polymorphism of catalase(CAT) gene and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) in occupational noise exposed population.
METHODS: A case-control study of 1∶1 was conducted to select 286 workers with binaural high frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB(HL), from 2006 to 2015 in a cohort study of occupational noise exposure workers in Henan Province. According to the type of work, the age difference was not more than 5 years and the length of exposure to noise was not more than 2 years. The polymorphism of 8 single nucleotides in CAT gene was detected by medium SNPscanTM, and the relationship between 8 single nucleotides polymorphism of CAT gene and NIHL susceptibility was analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: Under the dominant model of rs208679 locus of CAT gene [(GA GG)/AA], the risk of NIHL in individuals carrying GA or GG genotype was 1. 431 times higher than that in individuals carrying AA genotype(95%CI 1. 020-2. 009), and P=0. 038.
CONCLUSIONS: G, a mutant at rs208679 site of CAT gene, may be one of the risk factors for NIHL susceptibility.

Objective: To discuss the relationships between occupational stress, career calling and occupational burnout among primary school teachers, and test whether career calling moderates the relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout. Methods: 399 teachers from public primary schools were recruited as participant. Their occupational stress and burnout, and career calling were assessed via online questionnaire in the period between March and August 2018. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the moderating role of career calling. Results: The score of occupational stress was (3.59±0.85) , the score of career calling was (3.15±0.69) and the score of occupational was (3.26±0.88) . Occupational stress was significantly and positively related to occupational burnout (r=0.42, P<0.01) , while career calling was significantly and negatively related to occupational stress (r=-0.30, P<0.01) and occupational burnout (r=-0.32, P<0.01) . Career calling moderated the relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout. Conclusion: Career calling as a personal resource buffers the positive relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout. School leaders can promote teachers\' career calling by endowing educational work with more meaning, which leading to lower level of occupational burnout.
目的： 探讨职业应激及职业使命感与教师职业倦怠的相关性，分析职业使命感在职业应激与职业倦怠中的调节作用。 方法： 于2018年3~8月，采用便利随机抽样法，选取绍兴市、杭州市10所公办小学共435名教师作为研究对象。发放问卷435份，回收有效问卷399份，回收率91.72%。职业应激用澳大利亚学者Mc Cormick编制的教师压力来源问卷（Teacher Attribution of Responsibility for Stress Questionnaire，TARSQ）；职业使命感用Dobrow和Tosti-Kharas编制的职业使命感量表；职业倦怠用Kristensen等编制的哥本哈根职业倦怠量表（Copenhagen Burnout Inventory，CBI）中与工作相关的职业倦怠分量表来评估，用SPSS 20.0和AMOS 17.0软件进行统计分析。职业应激、职业使命感和职业倦怠间相关分析用Person相关分析；采用层次多元回归分析检验职业使命感在职业应激与职业倦怠间的调节作用。 结果： 职业应激总均分（3.59±0.85）分，职业使命感均分（3.15±0.69）分，职业倦怠均分（3.26±0.88）分；职业应激与职业倦怠呈明显正相关（r=0.42，P<0.01），职业使命感与职业应激、职业倦怠呈明显负相关（r=-0.30、-0.32，P<0.01）；职业使命感在职业应激与职业倦怠关系间起调节作用。 结论： 职业使命感能缓解职业应激与职业倦怠。学校管理者应通过赋予教育工作更多价值以提升教师职业使命感，缓解教师的职业倦怠。.