UNASSIGNED: Surgically treated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries may be a waivable condition and allow return to full flight status, but waivers are based on expert opinion rather than recent published data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate return to flight after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in male military aircrews with ACL injuries and to identify factors that affect flight clearance.
UNASSIGNED: A single-center retrospective review was conducted by the authors for all active-duty aircrew who underwent ACLR at an authorized military medical center from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic characteristics, occupational information, surgical data, and flight readiness evaluation outcomes were collected. Based on the final medical evaluation, subjects were divided into a qualified group (N = 64) and a disqualified group (N = 9), and the difference in data collected between the two groups was then analyzed to identify factors affecting flight clearance.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 73 patients underwent successful ACLR with a mean age of 31.6 ± 5.6 years. Non-contact injury was the main type of ACL injury, accounting for 84.9% of the total injuries. 55 cases (75.3%) occurred during daily sports activities and 18 (24.7%) during military training. 64 of the 73 crewmembers (87.7%) were able to return to flight at their last follow-up evaluation. The preoperative interval time (PIT) was significantly less in the qualified group than in the disqualified group (P = 0.002). Patients who underwent ACLR within three months were more likely to return to flying than those who underwent the procedure three months later (97.4% vs. 76.5%, P = 0.010). The incidence of failure to return to flight duty was significantly higher in aircrews with ACL injuries combined with meniscal injuries than in aircrews with isolated ACL injuries (21.4% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.017).
UNASSIGNED: ACLR appears to be safe for military aircrew suffering ACL injuries with or without meniscal injury, and return to flight status is the most likely outcome for the majority of postoperative pilots. Prolonged PIT, PIT > 3 months, and ACL injury combined with meniscus injury had a negative impact on postoperative flight readiness.

Most bone-related injuries to grassroots troops are caused by training or accidental injuries. To establish preventive measures to reduce all kinds of trauma and improve the combat effectiveness of grassroots troops, it is imperative to develop new strategies and scaffolds to promote bone regeneration.
In this study, a porous piezoelectric hydrogel bone scaffold was fabricated by incorporating polydopamine (PDA)-modified ceramic hydroxyapatite (PDA-hydroxyapatite, PHA) and PDA-modified barium titanate (PDA-BaTiO3, PBT) nanoparticles into a chitosan/gelatin (Cs/Gel) matrix. The physical and chemical properties of the Cs/Gel/PHA scaffold with 0-10 wt% PBT were analyzed. Cell and animal experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic capabilities of the piezoelectric hydrogel scaffold in vitro and in vivo.
The incorporation of BaTiO3 into the scaffold improved its mechanical properties and increased self-generated electricity. Due to their endogenous piezoelectric stimulation and bioactive constituents, the as-prepared Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels exhibited cytocompatibility as well as immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic capabilities; they not only effectively induced macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype but also promoted the migration, tube formation, and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and facilitated the migration, osteo-differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. The in vivo evaluations showed that these piezoelectric hydrogels with versatile capabilities significantly facilitated new bone formation in a rat large-sized cranial injury model. The underlying molecular mechanism can be partly attributed to the immunomodulation of the Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels as shown via transcriptome sequencing analysis, and the PI3K/Akt signaling axis plays an important role in regulating macrophage M2 polarization.
The piezoelectric Cs/Gel/PHA/PBT hydrogels developed here with favorable immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis functions may be used as a substitute in periosteum injuries, thereby offering the novel strategy of applying piezoelectric stimulation in bone tissue engineering for the enhancement of combat effectiveness in grassroots troops.

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Objective: To analyze the relationship between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) in military secret service personnel. Methods: In October 2019, military secret service personnel (162 people) who were recuperating in a sanatorium from January to December 2017 were selected as the research subjects, all of whom were Han and male. The patients (79 people) who were diagnosed with EH according to the diagnostic criteria of hypertension in the \"Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension\" (2016 Revised Edition) were the case group, and the people with normal blood pressure (83 people) were the control group. Occupational epidemiological investigation was conducted, 5 ml of fasting cubital venous blood was collected, genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method, and RAAS gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The distribution differences of genotype and allele frequency between groups were compared, and the relationship between genotype, allele frequency and EH was analyzed. Results: The average age of military secret service personnel was (38.2±5.3) years old, and there was no statistical significance in the average age and the age distribution over 40 years old of the case group and the control group (P>0.05) . There were significant differences in the distribution of AGT gene M235T locus, ACE gene I/D polymorphism genotype and allele between the case group and the control group (P<0.05) . The TT genotype with AGT gene M235T locus (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.21-8.91) and DD genotype with ACE gene (OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.17-7.00) were risk factors for EH in military secret service personnel. Conclusion: The TT genotype of AGT gene M235T and the DD genotype of ACE gene may be the susceptibility genotypes of military secret service personnel for EH.
目的： 分析军事特勤人员肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system，RAAS）基因多态性与原发性高血压（essential hypertension，EH）易感性的关系。 方法： 于2019年10月，选择在2017年1至12月某疗养院疗养的军事特勤人员（162人）为研究对象，均为汉族、男性；根据《中国高血压防治指南》（2016年修订版）中高血压诊断标准确诊为EH者（79人）为病例组，血压正常者（83人）为对照组，对其进行职业流行病学调查，并收集空腹肘静脉血5 ml，以酚氯仿法提取基因组DNA，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测RAAS基因多态性。比较组间的基因型、等位基因频率的分布差异，分析基因型、等位基因频率与EH的关系。 结果： 军事特勤人员平均年龄（38.2±5.3）岁，病例组和对照组平均年龄及40岁以上年龄分布差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。AGT基因M235T位点、ACE基因I/D多态性基因型和等位基因在病例组和对照组的分布差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；携带AGT基因M235T位点TT基因型（OR=3.28，95%CI：1.21~8.91）和携带ACE基因DD基因型（OR=2.86，95%CI：1.17~7.00）是军事特勤人员发生EH的危险因素。 结论： AGT基因M235T位点TT基因型、ACE基因DD基因型可能是军事特勤人员EH的易感基因型。.

Military personnel are often exposed to high altitude (HA, ca. 4500-5000m) for combat operations associated with neurological dysfunctions. HA is a severe stressful situation and people frequently use methamphetamine (METH) or other psychostimulants to cope stress. Since military personnel are prone to different kinds of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in this review we discuss possible effects of METH on concussive head injury (CHI) at HA based on our own observations. METH exposure at HA exacerbates pathophysiology of CHI as compared to normobaric laboratory environment comparable to sea level. Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation and reductions in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) following CHI were exacerbated by METH intoxication at HA. Damage to cerebral microvasculature and expression of beta catenin was also exacerbated following CHI in METH treated group at HA. TiO2-nanowired delivery of H-290/51 (150mg/kg, i.p.), a potent chain-breaking antioxidant significantly enhanced CBF and reduced BBB breakdown, edema formation, beta catenin expression and brain pathology in METH exposed rats after CHI at HA. These observations are the first to point out that METH exposure in CHI exacerbated brain pathology at HA and this appears to be related with greater production of oxidative stress induced brain pathology, not reported earlier.

Battlefield internal medicine aims at the treatment of combatants and noncombatants with various internal diseases on the battlefield. The military medical research on battlefield internal diseases focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical management, and prevention of internal diseases under military war conditions. In both wartime and peacetime, the soldiers suffer from more internal diseases than surgical wounds. With the introduction of high-tech weapons, including chemical, physical, and biological agents, a large number of special internal illnesses and casualties will appear in future wars. The battles often occur in special environments, such as high or low temperatures, plateau or polar areas, and micro- or hyper-gravity. The current theories of battlefield internal medicine are mainly derived from wars decades ago and cannot meet the needs of military medical support under the conditions of modern warfare. Therefore, the military medical research on battlefield internal medicine should be based on contemporary military situations, focus on the purpose of treating battlefield internal diseases, and adhere to the actual needs of the troops in peacetime and wartime. We should investigate the pathogenesis of battlefield internal diseases and explore the threats that may arise in future wars to ensure the advancement of battlefield internal medicine. This review highlights new concepts, demands, challenges, and opportunities for the further development of military medical research on battlefield internal medicine.

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As an important medical support component for the army to preserve and enhance combat effectiveness and minimize the reduction rate of combat personnel, war trauma treatment has been highly valued. Modern war puts forward higher requirements for the pertinence, practicality, and efficiency of war trauma treatment training. With the comprehensive development of national defense and military modernization, the contradiction between the increasing demand of modern war medical service and the relatively backward training mode of war trauma treatment becomes more and more prominent. As a new practical technology, virtual reality technology can simulate the elements of war trauma treatment in a panoramic manner, enabling the trainees to have a real sense of the battlefield in the four-dimensional space of high simulation, which has unique advantage in the field of war trauma treatment training. At present, the western developed countries represented by the the United States of America have applied virtual reality technology in the field of war trauma treatment training and achieved gratifying training results through the actual combat tests. This paper reviews the application of virtual reality technology in the field of war trauma treatment training at home and abroad, in order to provide a new idea and method for improving the level of war trauma treatment training in our army.
战创伤救治作为部队保存和提升战斗力、降低战斗减员率的重要卫勤保障内容，一直受到高度重视。现代化战争对战创伤救治训练的针对性、实用性、高效性都提出了更高的要求。随着我国国防和军队现代化的全面推进，日益增长的现代化战争卫勤保障需求同相对落后的战创伤救治训练模式的矛盾越发凸显。虚拟现实技术作为一种新型的实用技术，可以全情全景模拟战创伤救治要素，使受训者在高仿真的四维空间内产生身临其境的战场真实感，在战创伤救治训练领域具有独特的优势。目前以美国为代表的西方发达国家已将虚拟现实技术运用到战创伤救治训练领域，通过实战检验，取得了可喜的训练效果。本文对目前国内外虚拟现实技术在战创伤救治训练领域的应用进行综述，旨在为提升我军战创伤救治训练水平提供新的思路和方法。.

Tang Tenghan (1900-1988), who was a famous pharmaceutical chemist in China, was born in Java, Indonesia. He received his PhD from Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Philosophy in Berlin University. After returning to China, Tang Tenghan was employed by Shandong University, National Pei Yang University, West China Union University and Tongji University, etc. He engaged in education and scientific research in Pharmacy, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. He was one of early scholars using pharmacognosy, chemistry and pharmacology on Chinese materia medica. At the same time, he held the concurrent position in pharmaceutical factory and took charge the production of drugs. After the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, he organized and led the anti-chemical agent research in Academy of Military Medical Sciences. In addition, Tang Tenghan contributed to the preparation of pharmacopoeia, the compilation of textbooks and the cultivation of talents. This paper made a detailed investigation of Tang Tenghan\'s lifework, analyzed the contribution and significance of his work in the history of Chemistry and Pharmacy, reflected the spirit of a generation of scientists.
汤腾汉(1900—1988)是中国著名药物化学家。他生于印度尼西亚爪哇省，在柏林大学哲学系药学院取得博士学位。回国后，他先后在山东大学、北洋大学工学院、华西协合大学、同济大学等高校从事药学、化学和化工专业的教育和科研工作。他是中国早期对中药进行生药研究、化学研究及药理研究的学者之一。同时，他长期兼任药厂职务，指导药品的实际生产工作。新中国成立后，他组织领导了军事医学科学院的防化学毒剂研究。此外，汤腾汉的贡献还体现在药典编写、教材编审、人才培养等方面。通过对汤腾汉一生的工作进行详细考察，分析汤腾汉的工作在中国化学史、药学史上的贡献及意义，能够体现出以汤腾汉为代表的一代科学家的思想和精神。.

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