UNASSIGNED: Special Operations Forces service members (SOF) are regularly exposed to traumatic and concussive events, increasing the prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, shortening potential years of service.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective chart review presents preliminary data on a Human Performance Optimization (HPO) program that provided an average of 30 sessions of individualized alpha frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (α-rTMS) to active-duty SOF as to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression following traumatic brain injury. Scores from the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PROMIS Depression short form and Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) were reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Significant reductions were noted after the HPO program in all clinical scales with an average 37% decrease in PCL-5 (p<.01), 11.3% reduction in PROMIS depression T-scores (p<.01), and 45.5% reduction in PDQ scales by session 30 (p<.01), with side effects matching those commonly reported in rTMS. Importantly, the average PCL-5 score decreased from 42.9 to 27 by end of the treatment program, which is below the clinical threshold of 33 for presence of PTSD. For those with depression symptoms scores greater than cut off clinical thresholds at baseline, 46% resolved following treatment.
UNASSIGNED: This data provides preliminary support for safe application of α-rTMS for symptom reduction in active-duty special operations military personnel.

BACKGROUND: The global burden of trauma disproportionately affects low-income countries and middle-income countries (LMIC), with variability in trauma systems between countries. Military and civilian healthcare systems have a shared interest in building trauma capacity for use during peace and war. However, in LMICs it is largely unknown if and how these entities work together. Understanding the successful integration of these systems can inform partnerships that can strengthen trauma care. This scoping review aims to identify examples of military-civilian trauma systems integration and describe the methods, domains, and indicators associated with integration including barriers and facilitators.
METHODS: A scoping review of all appropriate databases was performed to identify papers with evidence of military and civilian trauma systems integration. After manuscripts were selected for inclusion, relevant data was extracted and coded into methods of integration, domains of integration, and collected information regarding indicators of integration, which were further categorized into facilitators or barriers.
RESULTS: Seventy-four studies were included with authors from 18 countries describing experiences in 23 countries. There was a predominance of authorship and experiences from High-Income Countries (91.9 and 75.7%, respectively). Five key domains of integration were identified; Academic Integration was the most common (45.9%). Among indicators, the most common facilitator was administrative support and the lack of this was the most common barrier. The most common method of integration was Collaboration (50%).
CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence demonstrates the existence of military and civilian trauma systems integration in several countries. High-income country data dominates the literature, and thus a more robust understanding of trauma systems integration, inclusive of all geographic locations and income statuses, is necessary prior to development of a framework to guide integration. Nonetheless, the facilitators identified in this study describe the factors and environment in which integration is feasible and highlight optimal indicators of entry.

BACKGROUND: The war in Ukraine has led to a strategic reorientation of the German Armed Forces towards national and alliance defense. This has also raised the need for medical and surgical adaptation to scenarios of conventional warfare. In order to develop appropriate and effective concepts it is necessary to identify those war injuries that are associated with a relevant primary and secondary mortality and that can be influenced by medical measures (potentially survivable injuries).
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this selective literature review was to identify war injuries with high primary and secondary mortality.
METHODS: A selective literature review was performed in the PubMed® database with the search terms war OR combat AND injury AND mortality from 2001 to 2023. Studies including data of war injuries and associated mortality were included.
RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were included in the analysis. Severe traumatic brain injury and thoracoabdominal hemorrhage were the main contributors to primary mortality. Injuries to the trunk, neck, traumatic brain injury, and burns were associated with relevant secondary mortality. Among potentially survivable injuries, thoracoabdominal hemorrhage accounted for the largest proportion. Prehospital blood transfusions and short transport times significantly reduced war-associated mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: Control of thoracoabdominal hemorrhage has the highest potential to reduce mortality in modern warfare. Besides that, treatment of traumatic brain injury, burns and neck injuries has a high relevance in reducing mortality. Hospitals of the German Armed Forces need to focus on these requirements.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Der Krieg in der Ukraine hat zu einer strategischen Neuausrichtung der Bundeswehr auf die Landes- und Bündnisverteidigung geführt. Hieraus leitet sich auch die Notwendigkeit einer sanitätsdienstlichen und chirurgischen Anpassung auf Szenarien der konventionellen Kriegsführung ab. Um sinnvolle und wirksame Konzepte entwickeln zu können, müssen solche Kriegsverletzungen identifiziert werden, welche mit einer relevanten primären und sekundären, aber durch medizinische Maßnahmen beeinflussbaren Mortalität einhergehen („potentially survivable injuries“).
UNASSIGNED: Anhand einer selektiven Literaturrecherche sollten Kriegsverletzungen mit hoher primärer und sekundärer Mortalität herausgearbeitet werden.
METHODS: Es wurde eine selektive Literaturanalyse in PubMed® mit den Suchbegriffen „war“ OR „combat“ AND „injury“ AND „mortality“ im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2023 durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Arbeiten, die Daten zu Kriegsverletzungen und assoziierter Mortalität beinhalteten.
UNASSIGNED: Es konnten 33 Publikationen in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Das schwere Schädel-Hirn-Trauma sowie thorakoabdominelle Blutungen waren hauptverantwortlich für die primäre Mortalität. Verletzungen des Körperstamms, des Halses, das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und Verbrennungen gingen mit einer relevanten sekundären Mortalität einher. Unter den „potentially survivable injuries“ machten Blutungen der Körperhöhlen den größten Anteil aus. Präklinische Bluttransfusionen und kurze Transportzeiten konnten die kriegsassoziierte Mortalität signifikant reduzieren.
CONCLUSIONS: Die Blutungskontrolle in Thorax und Abdomen besitzt aus militärchirurgischer Sicht das höchste Potenzial, um bei Kriegsverletzungen eine Reduktion der Mortalität zu erreichen. Daneben sind die Behandlung des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas, von Verbrennungen und Halsverletzungen für die Senkung der Mortalität relevant. Die Bundeswehrkrankenhäuser müssen sich diesen Anforderungen entsprechend ausrichten.

The review considers the approach placing famous French surgeon A. Paré into more general European context of European Renaissance of XVI century and into local context of intellectual life of Paris of this period. The refutation of widespread in history of medicine opinion about strict separation of university medicine from artisan surgery in Medieval Europe is discussed.

Diagnoses of military-relevant sleep disorders have increased substantially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The cause of this increase appears to be complicated and multifactorial, with military and civilian populations clearly differing with respect to both the nature and distribution of sleep disorders diagnoses. In part, these differences may be attributable to the fact that a majority of service members are chronically sleep-restricted-an unavoidable consequence of continuous and sustained military operations that \"set the stage\" for development of specific sleep disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the military relevance of several common sleep disorders, assess the extent to which these disorders currently constitute a burden on the military health care system, and suggest strategies to alleviate that burden. The military health care system does not have enough sleep medicine providers to address the immediate and long-term consequences of sleep disorders in military personnel. Digital technologies and education packages can be leveraged to improve access to care.
BACKGROUND: Thomas CL, Carr K, Yang F, et al. From trenches to technology: a narrative review of sleep medicine in the military. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):973-981.

暂无摘要。

Limb trauma remains the most prevalent survivable major combat injury. In the First World War, more than 700,000 British soldiers received limb wounds and more than 41,000 underwent an amputation, creating one of the largest amputee cohorts in history. Postamputation pain affects up to 85% of military amputees, suggesting that up to 33,000 British First World War veterans potentially reported postamputation pain. This qualitative systematic review explores the professional medical conversation around clinical management of chronic postamputation pain in this patient cohort, its development over the 20th century, and how this information was disseminated among medical professionals. We searched The Lancet and British Medical Journal archives (1914-1985) for reports referring to postamputation pain, its prevalence, mechanisms, descriptors, or clinical management. Participants were First World War veterans with a limb amputation, excluding civilians and veterans of all other conflicts. The search identified 9809 potentially relevant texts, of which 101 met the inclusion criteria. Reports emerged as early as 1914 and the discussion continued over the next 4 decades. Unexpected findings included early advocacy of multidisciplinary pain management, concerns over addiction, and the effect of chronic pain on mental health emerging decades earlier than previously thought. Chronic postamputation pain is still a significant issue for military rehabilitation. Similarities between injury patterns in the First World War and recent Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts mean that these historical aspects remain relevant to today\'s military personnel, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.

Introduction: Military soldiers comprised 1,195 million United States active-duty members and 778,000 reserve members in 9/2021. Soldiers are often exposed to drastic climates, environments, and living conditions which may make them more susceptible to cutaneous diseases.Methods: A PubMed search of studies published between 1/1/2002 - 8/30/2022, using MeSH terms: (((\"Military Personnel\"[Majr]) OR \"Military Hygiene\"[Majr])) OR \"Military Medicine\"[Majr]) AND \"Skin Diseases\"[Majr]), the reference lists of select articles, and other applicable sources were reviewed to identify articles on skin conditions affecting military soldiers and treatment options.Discussion: In this article, we review skin conditions that affect military soldiers in both the deployed and non-deployed settings including infectious diseases, arthropod associated diseases, sexually transmitted infections, ultraviolet radiation related skin disease, acne, diseases of hair and hair follicles, dermatitis, onychocryptosis, and conditions caused by extreme weather conditions and occupational exposures. We also discuss treatment options and prevention methods as they relate to military settings.Conclusion: Dermatological conditions can considerably impact soldiers\' wellbeing and military performance, often lead to evacuation of military personnel, and are associated with high financial costs. Cutaneous disease is one of most common reasons for soldiers to seek medical care and may cause significant morbidity. Serving in the military often impacts and limits treatment options.
Military soldiers are a unique population exposed to crowded living conditions, reduced opportunity for personal hygiene, environmental contamination, strict grooming practices, and skin injury which may contribute to infectious and arthropod associated skin, hair, and nail diseases in soldiers.Treatment options for skin diseases that are commonly used in the general population may have implications for military duties that should be considered before treatment initiation in soldiers.

BACKGROUND: Military trauma teams are commonly operating in civilian hospitals during peacetime; in a war situation they must adjust their practices to the austere conditions. Simulations can replicate austere conditions to allow training in a safe environment that tolerates errors. Gamification, understood as the use of game elements to motivate and engage learners in nongame contexts, is gaining interest in medical education and military training. Applying game elements in the design of military trauma management simulations has the potential to provide learners with active learning opportunities and prepare them for providing medical services under austere conditions. Although gamification is known for its engaging and motivational benefits, there are controversies about its pedagogical value. The controversies can be attributed to the fact that various gamification strategies may consist of a different combination of game elements, leading to different outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to understand how game elements are used in the design of simulations in military trauma management training and their reported outcomes.
METHODS: We have designed a search strategy for the purpose of the review. Two researchers will independently assess the identified studies based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selection process will be represented using a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. The search will be repeated and updated as necessary prior to publication of the review. Two reviewers will independently extract and manage the data for each of the articles using a structured data extraction form. Any disagreement that arises between reviewers will be resolved through discussion, and a third review author will be consulted when needed. We are going to conduct a thematic synthesis of the extracted game element descriptions. The results are going to be presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, alongside a narrative summary. The quality of the studies will be assessed.
RESULTS: We implemented and tested the developed search strategy in May 2023. We retrieved 1168 study abstracts, which were reduced to 630 abstracts after deduplication. We have piloted the screening on 20% (126/630) of the identified abstracts in groups of 2 reviewers.
CONCLUSIONS: Although gamification has the potential to motivate learners in various ways, there is a lack of understanding about specific game elements and how they can inform instructional design in different contexts. Our findings will increase the understanding of how game elements are used in the design of simulations in military trauma management training and, thus, contribute to more effective development of future simulations.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/45969.

暂无摘要。