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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an intermediate tumor composed of differentiated myofibroblastic spindle cells with inflammatory cell infiltration. It can occur in all parts of the body, with the lungs being the most common, while the tissues outside the lungs, including the sigmoid colon, are rare. Herein, we present a case of a 10-year-old girl with sigmoid IMT who presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, slightly low-density mass in her lower abdomen that was not clearly demarcated from the sigmoid colon. The mass showed significant uneven enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET). Moreover, a systematic review of the published literature on sigmoid IMT was conducted and its clinical and radiographic features were summarized to increase the understanding of this rare disease.

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A boy aged 55 months was diagnosed with stage IV Neuroblastoma (NB) of the right adrenal gland 2 years ago. Preoperative chemotherapy was given and he was then treated with retroperitoneal tumor resection and lymph node dissection. After surgery, the children were transferred to the Hemato-Oncology Department for chemotherapy according to the high-risk group NB, with outpatient follow-up every 6 months. In the second postoperative year, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a rounded hypodense area in the upper part of the right posterior lobe of the liver, with marked inhomogeneous enhancement in the venous phase after enhancement, which was surgically resected, and postoperative pathology confirmed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of liver. The patient was not given any special treatment after surgery. In this study, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the postoperative specimen of adrenal NB and the specimen of IMT of liver. This unusual case emphasizes the need for close monitoring of second tumor development in NB survivors even in the absence of known predisposing factors.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), which involve the proliferation of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic cells mixed with inflammatory infiltrates, are exceedingly rare in the extremities. There are no reported IMTs involving the sciatic nerve. This type of involvement may cause entrapment of the sciatic nerve, whose symptoms may mimic lumbar disc herniation (LDH), especially when it occurs in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. We describe the case of a 40-year-old male with lumbar degenerative disc disease accompanied by IMT involving the sciatic nerve whose symptoms mimicked LDH and posed a diagnostic challenge. We showed the course of the disease as well as the systematic imaging manifestations of IMTs involving the sciatic nerve and discussed their therapeutic management.

UNASSIGNED: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm with malignant potential. Bladder IMT is even rarer and mainly treated by surgical resection However, partial or radical cystectomy would affect the quality of life of patients due to major surgical trauma, and classical TURBT is hard to avoid intraoperative complications including obturator nerve reflex and bleeding etc. Therefore, the safe and effective better choice of surgical approaches become critical to bladder IMT.
UNASSIGNED: A 42-year-old male patient was admitted to the department of urology with persistent painless gross hematuria for more than 10 days without the presentation of hypertension. Preoperative routine urine examination of red blood cells was 7738.9/HPF (normal range ≤ 3/HPF). CTU indicated a space occupying lesion (6.0 cm×5.0 cm) in the left posterior wall of the bladder with heterogeneous enhancement in the excretory phase. MRI also indicated bladder tumor with slightly equal SI on T1WI and mixed high SI on T2WI (6.0 cm×5.1cm×3.5cm) in the left posterior wall of the bladder. En bloc resection of bladder IMT with 1470 nm diode laser in combination of removing the enucleated tumor by the morcellator system was performed. Postoperative pathological examination revealed bladder IMT, with IHC positive for Ki-67 (15-20%), CK AE1/AE3, SMA, and Desmin of bladder IMT and negative for ALK of bladder IMT as well as FISH negative for ALK gene rearrangement. Second TUR with 1470 nm diode laser was performed within 6 weeks to reduce postoperative risk of recurrence due to highly malignant potential for the high expression of Ki-67 (15-20%) and negative ALK in IHC staining. The second postoperative pathology report showed chronic inflammation concomitant with edema of the bladder mucosa without bladder IMT, furthermore no tumor was observed in muscularis propria layer of bladder. No recurrence occurred during the period of 24-month follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: En bloc resection of bladder IMT in combination of the following second transurethral resection with 1470 nm diode laser is a safe and effective surgical approach for the huge bladder IMT with highly malignant potential.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon cardiac tumor that primarily affects infants, children, and young adults. While complete surgical resection generally leads to a favorable prognosis, accurate diagnostic tests remain limited.
METHODS: We describe the case of a 26-year-old female who had a dual tumor inside and outside the heart and was misdiagnosed by echocardiography and MRI. We also review 71 cases of cardiac IMTs from the literature regarding their epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of this rare disorder is essential for optimal surgical management.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the heart are rarely observed in the eldly. We report a case involving an elderly woman with an IMT situated on the right atrial wall. The tumor was fully excised. The patient had a smooth recovery post-surgery and remained free of recurrence for three years.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare lesions with distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. IMTs typically arise in the abdominal soft tissues, including the mesentery, omentum, and retroperitoneum, followed by the lungs and mediastinum, and usually affect both children and young adults. Herein, we present a rare case of an IMT in the submandibular gland of a 47-year-old male patient. Microscopically, the tumor displayed an infiltrative growth pattern with diffuse glandular tissue destruction. Their backgrounds revealed characteristic spindles and inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), smooth muscle actin, and calponin in neoplastic cells. The inflammatory cells and some neoplastic cells were positive for CD68. In contrast, negative staining for cytokeratin, desmin, and CD30 was observed. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed ALK gene rearrangements, and next-generation sequencing detected a moesin (MSN)-ALK gene fusion. This case highlights a rare and unique occurrence of IMT originating from the submandibular gland, which exhibited an MSN-ALK gene fusion.