生物多样性丧失是人类介导的生态系统干扰的主要结果之一。人类引发野生动物减少的一种方式是将致病因子运送到世界偏远地区。两栖动物受到疾病的打击尤其严重,部分原因是全球分布的致病性乳糜菌(Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis[Bd])。先前的研究揭示了对Bd的生物学和分布的重要见解;然而,这个系统仍然有许多悬而未决的问题。虽然我们知道有多个不同的Bd谱系在致病性上不同,我们对这些血统在世界各地的分布方式以及血统可能与之接触的地方知之甚少。这里,我们为一组全局Bd样本实施了自定义基因分型方法。优化该方法以扩增和测序来自非侵入性皮肤拭子样品的降解DNA。我们描述了Bd的不同谱系,我们称之为BdASIA3,这似乎在东南亚很普遍。该谱系与全球全动物谱系(BdGPL)在多个地区共存。此外,我们揭示了BdGPL的全球分布,并强调了另一个谱系的扩展范围,BdCAPE.最后,我们认为,在Bd谱系接触到的地方以及我们对Bd谱系多样性知之甚少的地方,需要进行更多的监测。监测不需要使用昂贵或困难的现场技术,但可以使用存档的拭子样本来进一步探索这种破坏性病原体的历史,并预测未来的影响。
Biodiversity loss is one major outcome of human-mediated ecosystem disturbance. One way that humans have triggered wildlife declines is by transporting disease-causing agents to remote areas of the world. Amphibians have been hit particularly hard by disease due in part to a globally distributed pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]). Prior research has revealed important insights into the biology and distribution of Bd; however, there are still many outstanding questions in this system. Although we know that there are multiple divergent lineages of Bd that differ in pathogenicity, we know little about how these lineages are distributed around the world and where lineages may be coming into contact. Here, we implement a custom genotyping method for a global set of Bd samples. This method is optimized to amplify and sequence degraded DNA from noninvasive skin swab samples. We describe a divergent lineage of Bd, which we call BdASIA3, that appears to be widespread in Southeast Asia. This lineage co-occurs with the global panzootic lineage (BdGPL) in multiple localities. Additionally, we shed light on the global distribution of BdGPL and highlight the expanded range of another lineage, BdCAPE. Finally, we argue that more monitoring needs to take place where Bd lineages are coming into contact and where we know little about Bd lineage diversity. Monitoring need not use expensive or difficult field techniques but can use archived swab samples to further explore the history-and predict the future impacts-of this devastating pathogen.