深松耕作(ST)和脊沟降雨收获(RF)都得到了广泛实施,在提高小麦生产力方面发挥着重要作用。然而,关于夏季休耕季节ST和RF对小麦生产力和环境问题的影响的信息仍然有限。本研究旨在探讨ST与RF联用对集水的影响,小麦生产力-产量性状,水和养分的利用效率和质量,2018-2022年中国黄土高原南部与黄淮海平原西部交汇处旱地冬小麦-夏闲轮作土壤硝态氮残留量.三种耕作方式-秸秆周转深耕(PTST),秸秆覆盖深松(STSM),和STSM与RF(SRFSM)耦合-在夏季休耕季节进行。结果表明,夏季休耕季节的耕作方式显着影响了小麦的生产力和土壤硝态氮残留。与PTST相比,STSM显著提高降雨休耕效率和水分利用效率7.0%和14.2%,分别,以及N,P,和钾吸收效率16.9%,16.2%,和15.3%,从而使谷物产量提高了14.3%,并改善了蛋白质成分和加工质量的大多数参数,尽管在0至300厘米土壤深度的硝酸盐-N残留量增加了12.5%。SRFSM,反过来,导致播种时储水量进一步增加,使用水效率提高了6.8%,以及N,P,K吸收效率和K内部效率提高11.8%,10.4%,8.8%,和4.7%,从而显著提高粮食产量10.2%,提高谷物中所有蛋白质成分的含量,提高加工质量,同时将0-至300-cm土层中的硝酸盐N残留量减少16.1%,与STSM相比。实质上,这项研究认为,在夏季休耕季节采用深松与脊沟降雨收集(SRFSM)相结合是提高小麦产量的有希望的策略。效率,和质量,同时减少旱地夏季休耕-冬小麦轮作系统中的土壤硝酸盐-N残留。
Both subsoiling tillage (ST) and ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RF) are widely implemented and play an important role in boosting wheat productivity. However, information about the effects of ST coupled with RF during the summer fallow season on wheat productivity and environmental issues remains limited. This study aims to explore the effects of ST coupled with RF on water harvesting, wheat productivity-yield traits, water and nutrient use efficiency and quality, and soil nitrate-N residue in
dryland winter wheat-summer fallow rotation at the intersection of southern Loess Plateau and western Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in
China in 2018-2022. Three tillage practices-deep plowing with straw turnover (PTST), subsoiling with straw mulching (STSM), and STSM coupled with RF (SRFSM)-are conducted during the summer fallow season. The results indicated that tillage practices during the summer fallow season significantly impacted wheat productivity and soil nitrate-N residue. Compared to PTST, STSM significantly enhanced rainfall fallow efficiency and water use efficiency by 7.0% and 14.2%, respectively, as well as N, P, and K uptake efficiency by 16.9%, 16.2%, and 15.3%, and thus increased grain yield by 14.3% and improved most parameters of protein components and processing quality, albeit with an increase in nitrate-N residue in the 0- to 300-cm soil depth by 12.5%. SRFSM, in turn, led to a further increase in water storage at sowing, resulting in an increase of water use efficiency by 6.8%, as well as N, P, and K uptake efficiency and K internal efficiency by 11.8%, 10.4%, 8.8%, and 4.7%, thereby significantly promoting grain yield by 10.2%, and improving the contents of all the protein components and enhancing the processing quality in grain, and simultaneously reducing the nitrate-N residue in the 0- to 300-cm soil layer by 16.1%, compared to STSM. In essence, this study posits that employing subsoiling coupled with ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting (SRFSM) during the summer fallow season is a promising strategy for enhancing wheat yield, efficiency, and quality, and simultaneously reducing soil nitrate-N residue within the
dryland summer fallow-winter wheat rotation system.