PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Organic fertilizer substitution is an effective measure for increasing both the quantity and quality of wheat grain while reducing chemical fertilizer input. However, the effects of reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer substitution on grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield, plant N accumulation and translocation, N use efficiency, soil fertility, N apparent surplus and nitrate-N residue in rain-fed drought-prone areas remains limited. In this study, field experiments were conducted over four consecutive seasons (2019-2023) at two sites with four treatments: zero N application (ZN), farmer N application (FN), reduced 20% N of FN (RN), and organic fertilizer substituting 20% N of RN (OSN). The results showed that compared with the ZN treatment, the FN, RN and OSN treatments increased grain yield and its components, grain protein content and protein yield, aboveground N accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages, pre-anthesis N translocation, post-anthesis N accumulation, N use efficiency, soil fertility. Compared with RN and FN, OSN increased grain yield by 17.12% and 15.03%, grain protein yield by 3.31% and 17.15%, grain N accumulation by 17.78% and 15.58%, and N harvest index by 2.63% and 4.45% averaged across years and sites, respectively. Moreover, OSN increased the contents of organic matter, total N, available P and available K in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers, decreased N apparent surplus and nitrate-N residue in 0-100 cm, and pH in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer. Fundamentally, this study suggests that integrating a 20% reduction N from conventional farmer practices with the utilization of organic fertilizer to replace 20% of the chemical N fertilizer (OSN) represents an effective strategy. This approach shows promise in enhancing wheat grain yield, grain protein yield, and N use efficiency. Additionally, it supports the improvement of soil fertility while simultaneously reducing soil nitrate-N residues and the apparent surplus of N in rain-fed drought-prone regions.
摘要：
有机肥替代是在减少化肥投入的同时提高小麦籽粒数量和质量的有效措施。然而,减氮（N）肥结合有机肥替代对谷物产量的影响，谷物蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量，植物氮的积累和转运，N使用效率，土壤肥力,在干旱多发地区，氮的表观过剩和硝酸盐氮残留仍然有限。在这项研究中,田间试验连续四个季节(2019-2023年)在两个地点进行了四种处理：零施氮(ZN)，农民N申请(FN)，减少20%N的FN(RN)，和有机肥替代20%N的RN(OSN)。结果表明,与ZN处理相比,FN,RN和OSN处理提高了谷物产量及其组分，谷物蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量，花期和成熟期的地上氮积累，花前N易位，花后氮积累，N使用效率，土壤肥力。与RN和FN相比，OSN使粮食产量分别提高了17.12%和15.03%,谷物蛋白质产量分别为3.31%和17.15%，籽粒N积累分别为17.78%和15.58%，氮素收获指数在不同年份和地点的平均值分别为2.63%和4.45%，分别。此外，OSN增加了有机物的含量，总N,0-20和20-40厘米土壤层中的有效P和有效K，减少了0-100厘米的氮表观过剩和硝酸盐氮残留，和pH在0-20和20-40厘米土层。从根本上说,这项研究表明，将常规农民实践中减少20％的氮与利用有机肥料替代20％的化学氮肥（OSN）相结合是一种有效的策略。这种方法在提高小麦籽粒产量方面显示出希望，谷物蛋白质产量，和N使用效率。此外,它支持提高土壤肥力，同时减少雨养干旱易发地区的土壤硝酸盐氮残留和明显的氮过剩。
