■Babesia是一种独特的顶孔虫寄生虫,可在红细胞中特异性侵入和增殖,并可通过输血传播,导致输血传播的巴贝斯虫病。然而,在输血前检测巴贝虫还没有得到足够的重视,和输血含有低密度微巴贝虫的风险(B.microti)不清楚,可能威胁到公共健康和健康。
■本研究旨在确定血液中B.microti的检测下限,并评估含有低密度B.microti的输血的传播风险。
■通过输注具有不同感染率和密度的B.microti感染的全血来建立感染的BALB/c小鼠模型。显微镜检查,巢式聚合酶链反应(巢式PCR),和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)用于评估小鼠模型的感染状态。同时,使用具有连续浓度的纯B.microtiDNA样品和具有不同密度的B.microti感染的红细胞的全血样品获得B.microti的巢式PCR检测限。此后,将B.microti密度低于巢式PCR检测限的小鼠全血和感染B.microti的人血样输入健康小鼠,以评估小鼠模型中的传播风险.通过显微镜检查评估这些小鼠的感染状态,巢式PCR测试,和ELISA。
■接种不同密度的B.microti的小鼠在不同的天数达到感染率峰值。总的来说,血液B.microti密度越高,感染率高峰越早。在感染的前30天,感染小鼠血液中针对B.microti的特异性抗体水平急剧增加,在感染后60天达到峰值水平,此后保持较高水平。巢式PCR对B.microtiDNA和寄生虫密度的检测限为3fg和5.48寄生虫/μL,分别。含有极低密度B.microti的全血和感染B.microti的人血液样本可以感染小鼠,确认低密度B.microti输血的传播风险。
■含有极低密度B.microti的全血在小鼠和小鼠之间或人和小鼠之间输血时具有很高的传播风险,这表明政府应该考虑检测巴贝虫,医院,和疾病预防控制中心作为献血或输血前的强制性检查。
Babesia is a unique apicomplexan parasite that specifically invades and proliferates in red blood cells and can be transmitted via blood transfusion, resulting in transfusion-transmitted
babesiosis. However, detecting Babesia in blood before transfusion has not received enough attention, and the risk of transfusing blood containing a low density of Babesia microti (B. microti) is unclear, possibly threatening public health and wellness.
This study aimed to determine the lower detection limit of B. microti in blood and to evaluate the transmission risk of blood transfusion containing low-density B. microti.
Infected BALB/c mouse models were established by transfusing infected whole blood with different infection rates and densities of B. microti. Microscopic examination, nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the infection status of the mouse models. Meanwhile, the nested PCR detection limit of B. microti was obtained using pure B. microti DNA samples with serial concentrations and whole blood samples with different densities of B. microti-infected red blood cells. Thereafter, whole mouse blood with a B. microti density lower than that of the nested PCR detection limit and human blood samples infected with B. microti were transfused into healthy mice to assess the transmission risk in mouse models. The infection status of these mice was evaluated through microscopic examination, nested PCR tests, and ELISA.
The mice inoculated with different densities of B. microti reached the peak infection rate on different days. Overall, the higher the blood B. microti density was, the earlier the peak infection rate was reached. The levels of specific antibodies against B. microti in the blood of the infected mice increased sharply during the first 30 days of infection, reaching a peak level at 60 days post-infection, and maintaining a high level thereafter. The nested PCR detection limits of B. microti DNA and parasite density were 3 fg and 5.48 parasites/μL, respectively. The whole blood containing an extremely low density of B. microti and human blood samples infected with B. microti could infect mice, confirming the transmission risk of transfusing blood with low-density B. microti.
Whole blood containing extremely low density of B. microti poses a high transmission risk when transfused between mice and mice or human and mice, suggesting that Babesia detection should be considered by governments, hospitals, and disease prevention and control centers as a mandatory test before blood donation or transfusion.