alpha-Tocopherol

α - 生育酚
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    先前的观察性研究揭示了关于循环抗氧化剂对脱发风险的影响的争议。在本研究中,我们使用孟德尔随机化(MR)研究了饮食来源的循环抗氧化剂与2种非瘢痕性脱发之间的因果关系.抗氧化剂的仪器变量(番茄红素,视黄醇,抗坏血酸,β-胡萝卜素,α-生育酚,和γ-生育酚)从已发表的研究中选择。斑秃(AA)和雄激素性脱发(AGA)的数据来自FinnGen研究项目(R9于2023年发布),包括195例AGA和201,019例对照,以及682例AA和361,140例对照。我们使用逆方差加权方法作为主要的MR方法。另外三种方法被用作灵敏度分析以验证结果的稳健性。我们发现绝对β-胡萝卜素水平与AGA风险之间存在因果关系(P=0.039),但不是AA(P=.283)。Wald比值结果显示绝对β-胡萝卜素水平对AGA有保护作用,每0.1ln转化的β-胡萝卜素与AGA风险降低76%相关(OR:0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.93)。根据固定效应方差倒数加权结果,我们发现α-生育酚对AGA(P=0.026)和AA(P=0.018)均具有保护作用。对于α-生育酚每增加一个单位,AGA和AA变化的影响分别为0.02(95%CI:0.00-0.61)和0.10(95%CI:0.01-0.67),分别。结果没有揭示任何其他因果关系。我们的研究确定了抗氧化剂与非瘢痕性脱发风险的3个因果关系。这些结果为通过饮食预防非瘢痕性脱发提供了新的见解。
    Previous observational studies revealed controversy about the effect of circulating antioxidants on risk of alopecia. In the present study, we investigated the causal relationships between diet-derived circulating antioxidants and 2 non-scarring alopecia using Mendelian randomization (MR). Instrumental variables for antioxidants (lycopene, retinol, ascorbate, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) were selected from published studies. Data for alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA) was obtained from the FinnGen study project (R9 released in 2023), including 195 cases and 201,019 controls for AGA and 682 cases and 361,140 controls for AA. We used the inverse variance weighted method as the primary MR method. Three additional methods were used as sensitivity analysis to validate the robustness of the results. We found a causal relationship between absolute β-carotene levels and AGA risk (P = .039), but not with AA (P = .283). The results of Wald ratio showed a protective effect of absolute β-carotene levels against AGA, with per 0.1 ln-transformed β-carotene being associated with a 76% lower risk of AGA (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.93). Based on the fixed effects inverse variance weighting results, we found that α-tocopherol was protective against both AGA (P = .026) and AA (P = .018). For each unit increase in α-tocopherol, the effects of change in AGA and AA were 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00-0.61) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01-0.67), respectively. The results did not reveal any other causal relationships. Our study identified 3 causal associations of antioxidants with the risk of non-scarring alopecia. These results provide new insights into the prevention of non-scarring alopecia through diet.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    扇贝富含二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸,但由于其微生物生长和脂质氧化而易腐烂。在这项研究中,含有肉桂醛和α-生育酚的明胶/葡聚糖膜(0%+0%,0.3%+0.3%,0.6%+0.6%,0.9%+0.9%,和1.2%+1.2%,w/w)作为活性填料,通过溶液流延法开发,并评价其对4℃冷藏0、3、6、9、12天扇贝内收肌的保存效果。包含两种活性填料不会影响薄膜的热稳定性,但会产生异质和不连续的薄膜微观结构并增加薄膜的疏水性。活性填料浓度的增加降低了薄膜的机械性能和水蒸气渗透性,但增加了它们的结晶度。厚度,水接触角,不透明度,抗菌性能,和抗氧化性能。在95%(v/v)的乙醇溶液中,肉桂醛和α-生育酚的释放时间最长。含有1.2%(w/w)活性填料的明胶/葡聚糖膜(明胶[Ge]/葡聚糖[Dx]/1.2膜)改善了冷藏扇贝内收肌的化学稳定性。在第6天,未包装的扇贝内收肌的总活菌计数(TVC)超过了7lgCFU/g的推荐限值(7.07±0.50lgCFU/g),而Ge/Dx/1.2薄膜包装的扇贝内收肌的TVC在第9天仍低于极限(5.60±0.50lgCFU/g)。因此,Ge/Dx/1.2薄膜可以将冷藏扇贝内收肌的保质期延长至少3天。总的来说,开发的明胶/葡聚糖活性包装膜有望用于水产食品的保鲜。
    Scallops are rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid but perishable due to their microbial growth and lipid oxidation. In this study, gelatin/dextran films containing cinnamaldehyde and α-tocopherol (0% + 0%, 0.3% + 0.3%, 0.6% + 0.6%, 0.9% + 0.9%, and 1.2% + 1.2%, w/w) as active fillers were developed by solution casting method, and their preservation effects on scallop adductor muscle refrigerated at 4°C for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days were evaluated. Inclusion of the two active fillers did not influence the thermal stability of the films but created heterogenous and discontinuous film microstructure and increased the film hydrophobicity. Increase in the concentrations of active fillers lowered the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the films but increased their crystallinity, thickness, water contact angle, opacity, antibacterial property, and antioxidant property. The longest release times for both cinnamaldehyde and α-tocopherol were found in 95% (v/v) ethanol solution. The gelatin/dextran films containing 1.2% (w/w) of active fillers (Gelatin [Ge]/Dextran [Dx]/1.2 film) improved the chemical stability of refrigerated scallop adductor muscle. The total viable count (TVC) of the unpackaged scallop adductor muscle exceeded the recommended limit of 7 lg CFU/g on day 6 (7.07 ± 0.50 lg CFU/g), whereas the TVC of the Ge/Dx/1.2 film-packaged scallop adductor muscle was still below the limit on day 9 (5.60 ± 0.50 lg CFU/g). Thus, the Ge/Dx/1.2 film can extend the shelf life of refrigerated scallop adductor muscle by at least 3 days. Overall, the developed gelatin/dextran active packaging films are promising for the preservation of aquatic food products.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    脊髓损伤(SCI)是一种中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤,其中铁性凋亡正在成为有希望的治疗目标。α-生育酚(维生素E,VitE)是具有抗铁死亡活性的化合物。α-生育酚调节SCI后铁凋亡的机制尚未深入研究。在这项研究中,根据生物信息学分析和分子对接预测,对SCI大鼠进行α-生育酚治疗。行为测试和组织学发现表明,α-生育酚促进SCI大鼠的神经功能恢复和组织修复。随后,检测α-生育酚对Alox15和铁凋亡的调节作用,然后通过免疫荧光进行定位。体外,α-生育酚改善了ROS的积累,铁过载,脂质过氧化和线粒体功能障碍。体外验证了α-生育酚对Alox15、Ptgs2和4Hne表达的影响。最后,Alox15第87残基的突变削弱了α-生育酚对Alox15和铁凋亡的抑制作用。总之,α-生育酚可以通过下调Alox15来减轻SCI诱导的大鼠铁凋亡,从而促进SCI大鼠的神经功能恢复。这项研究的发现可以帮助我们进一步了解SCI诱导的铁性凋亡,并为治疗SCI提供新的见解。
    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of central nervous system (CNS) injury in which ferroptosis is becoming a promising target for treatment. Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E, Vit E) is a compound with anti-ferroptosis activity. The mechanism of alpha-tocopherol in regulating ferroptosis after SCI has not been deeply studied. In this study, rats with SCI were treated by Alpha-tocopherol based on bioinformatic analysis and molecular docking prediction. Behavioral tests and histological findings showed that Alpha-tocopherol promoted neural function recovery and tissue repairment in rats with SCI. Subsequently, regulatory effects of Alpha-tocopherol on Alox15 and ferroptosis were detected and then localized by immunofluorescence. In vitro, alpha-tocopherol improved the ROS accumulation, iron overload, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The effects of Alpha-tocopherol on the expression of Alox15, Ptgs2 and 4Hne were validated in vitro. Finally, the inhibitory effects of Alpha-tocopherol on Alox15 and ferroptosis were weakened by the mutation of 87th residue of Alox15. In summary, alpha-tocopherol could alleviate SCI-induced ferroptosis by downregulating Alox15 to promote neural function recovery in rats with SCI. Findings in this study could help further our understanding on SCI-induced ferroptosis and provide a novel insight for treating SCI.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在许多流行病学研究中,氧化应激(OS)与神经退行性疾病有关;然而,是发病机制还是下游因素仍存在争议。
    实施了双样本双向孟德尔随机化(MR)分析,以使用可用的全基因组关联研究统计数据来检查15种OS损伤标志物与3种主要神经退行性疾病的因果关系。作为一种主要方法,进行逆方差加权(IVW)分析。使用加权中位数(WM)分析来验证该关系。为了研究水平多效性的存在并校正IVW估计,应用了径向MR方法。为了衡量调查结果的一致性和稳健性,使用了几种敏感性和多效性分析。对于这个分析,p<0.05表示名义上的因果关系;根据Bonferroni校正检验,p<0.0011表示统计学上显著的因果关联。
    通过IVW和WM,在定向MR中,根据基因预测,锌与帕金森氏病的风险名义上有因果关系,但在Bonferroni校正试验后没有;α-生育酚与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)的风险名义上有因果关系,但在Bonferroni校正试验后没有;在反向MR中,根据基因预测,阿尔茨海默病与尿酸有因果关系,但在Bonferroni校正试验后没有。这些上述发现在敏感性和多效性分析中是稳定的。
    根据目前的研究,OS生物标志物与神经退行性疾病之间没有真正的遗传因果关系.复杂的关系需要在未来的实验研究中得到证实。
    UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress (OS) has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases in numerous epidemiological studies; however, whether it is a pathogenesis or a downstream factor remains controversial.
    UNASSIGNED: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to examine evidence of causality of 15 OS injury markers with 3 major neurodegenerative diseases using available genome-wide association studies statistics. As a main approach, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was performed. The weighted-median (WM) analysis was used to validate the relationship. In order to investigate the existence of horizontal pleiotropy and correct the IVW estimate, the Radial MR approach was applied. To gauge the consistency and robustness of the findings, several sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses were used. For this analysis, p < 0.05 indicates a nominally causal association; according to the Bonferroni correction test, p < 0.0011 indicates a statistically significant causal association.
    UNASSIGNED: Via IVW and WM, in directional MR, it was genetically predicted that zinc was nominally causally correlated with the risk of Parkinson\'s disease but not after Bonferroni correction test; alpha-tocopherol was nominally causally correlated with the risk of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but not after Bonferroni correction test; furthermore, in reverse MR, it was genetically predicted that Alzheimer\'s disease was causally correlated with uric acid but not after Bonferroni correction test. These above findings were stable across sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses.
    UNASSIGNED: Based on the current study, there is no authentic genetic causal association between OS biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases. The complex relationship is required to be confirmed in future experimental research.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在先前的流行病学研究中,维生素E状态与骨关节炎(OA)之间的因果关系仍然存在争议。我们采用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析来探索循环α-生育酚水平(体内维生素E的主要形式)与OA之间的因果关系。循环α-生育酚水平的工具变量(IV)是从7781名欧洲血统个体的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据集中获得的。OA的结果来自英国生物银行。使用双样本MR分析来估计循环α-生育酚水平与OA之间的因果关系。逆方差加权(IVW)方法是该分析中的主要分析。在这项工作中,我们使用了MR-Egger方法来确定水平多效性。通过MR-Egger和IVW分析检测到仪器IVs的异质性效应。通过逐一去除单核苷酸多态性(SNP)进行敏感性分析。在该分析中使用与循环α-生育酚水平强相关的三个SNP(rs964184、rs2108622和rs11057830)(P<5E-8)。IVW随机效应表明循环α-生育酚水平与临床诊断的OA之间没有因果关系(OR=0.880,95%CI0.626,1.236,P=0.461)。同样,IVW分析显示,循环α-生育酚水平与自我报告的OA之间没有因果关系(OR=0.980,95%CI0.954,1.006,P=0.139)。其他MR分析和敏感性分析的方法显示了一致的结果。MR-Egger和IVW方法表明IVs之间没有明显的异质性。MR-Egger截距显示无水平多效性。这项线性孟德尔随机化研究的结果表明,遗传预测的α-生育酚水平与OA的进展之间没有因果关系。α-生育酚可能不会为OA的进展提供有益和更有利的结果。需要基于具有更多IVs的更新GWAS的进一步MR分析来验证我们的研究结果。
    The causal association between vitamin E status and osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial in previous epidemiological studies. We employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels (main forms of vitamin E in our body) and OA. The instrumental variables (IVs) of circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were obtained from a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 7781 individuals of European descent. The outcome of OA was derived from the UK biobank. Two-sample MR analysis was used to estimate the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and OA. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis in this analysis. We used the MR-Egger method to determine horizontal pleiotropic in this work. The heterogeneity effect of instrumental IVs was detected by MR-Egger and IVW analyses. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) one by one. Three SNPs (rs964184, rs2108622, and rs11057830) (P < 5E-8) strongly associated with circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were used in this analysis. The IVW-random effect indicated no causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and clinically diagnosed OA (OR = 0.880, 95% CI 0.626, 1.236, P = 0.461). Similarly, IVW analysis showed no causal association between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and self-reported OA (OR = 0.980, 95% CI 0.954, 1.006, P = 0.139). Other methods of MR analyses and sensitivity analyses revealed consistent findings. MR-Egger and IVW methods indicated no significant heterogeneity between IVs. The MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropic. The results of this linear Mendelian randomization study indicate no causal association between genetically predicted alpha-tocopherol levels and the progression of OA. Alpha-tocopherol may not provide beneficial and more favorable outcomes for the progression of OA. Further MR analysis based on updated GWASs with more IVs is required to verify the results of our study.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    麻痹性贝类毒素(PST)是分布广泛的神经毒素,双壳类的PST代谢解毒机制日益受到重视。为了揭示I期(细胞色素P450)-II(GST)-III(ABC转运)代谢系统对Fuumapectenfarrri中PST代谢的影响,这项研究使用利福平放大了目标系统的压力,dl-α-生育酚,和秋水仙碱;测量PST水平;并进行转录组学分析。肝胰腺中的最高毒素含量达到1623.48μgSTXeq/kg,而仅为g中的8.8%。诱导干预显著减少肝胰腺PST积累。利福平的比例减少-,dl-α-生育酚-,秋水仙素诱导组为55.3%,50.4%,36.1%,分别。转录组分析显示11个模块与PST代谢显著相关(6个阳性/5个阴性),与I期CYP450和II期谷胱甘肽代谢显著富集的通路呈负相关。使用qRT-PCR进一步验证了23个I-II-III期核心基因,并与PST代谢相关。表明CYP46A1、CYP4F6、GSTM1和ABCF2显著相关,CYP4F11与ABCB1间接相关。总之,I-II-III期解毒酶系统共同参与了farreri中PST的代谢解毒。本研究为深入阐明双壳类动物PST代谢解毒机制提供了关键数据支持。
    Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are widely distributed neurotoxins, and the PST metabolic detoxification mechanism in bivalves has received increasing attention. To reveal the effect of phase I (cytochrome P450)-II (GST)-III (ABC transport) metabolic systems on the PST metabolism in Azumapecten farreri, this study amplified stress on the target systems using rifampicin, dl-α-tocopherol, and colchicine; measured PST levels; and conducted transcriptomic analyses. The highest toxin content reached 1623.48 μg STX eq/kg in the hepatopancreas and only 8.8% of that in the gills. Inducer intervention significantly decreased hepatopancreatic PST accumulation. The proportional reductions in the rifampicin-, dl-α-tocopherol-, and colchicine-induced groups were 55.3%, 50.4%, and 36.1%, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that 11 modules were significantly correlated with PST metabolism (six positive/five negative), with phase I CYP450 and phase II glutathione metabolism significantly enriched in negatively correlated pathways. Twenty-three phase I-II-III core genes were further validated using qRT-PCR and correlated with PST metabolism, revealing that CYP46A1, CYP4F6, GSTM1, and ABCF2 were significantly correlated, while CYP4F11 and ABCB1 were indirectly correlated. In conclusion, phase I-II-III detoxification enzyme systems jointly participate in the metabolic detoxification of PSTs in A. farreri. This study provides key data support to profoundly elucidate the PST metabolic detoxification mechanism in bivalves.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    市售的紫杉醇(PTX)制剂紫杉醇依赖于CremophorEL作为增溶剂的应用。紫杉醇的主要缺点是其超敏反应,并且抗过敏药物的预处理是必需的。因此,开发高效、安全的分娩载体是提高PTX治疗结果且副作用最小的解决方案.在这项工作中,我们使用简便的两步法从大豆蛋白中制备了两亲性肽(称为AmP)。AmP可以通过与D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)自组装成混合胶束来有效溶解PTX,一种常见的药物权宜之计(PTX@TPGS-AmP)。静脉内施用的PTX@TPGS-AmP表现出缓慢的清除(0.24mL·(min·kg)-1)和增强的AUC(41.4μg。h/mL),与紫杉醇相比增加了3.6倍。在小鼠4T1肿瘤模型中,PTX@TPGS-AmP表现出优于紫杉醇的抗肿瘤作用。重要的是,安全性评估显示AmP的高生物相容性和静脉内剂量高达2500mg/kg导致小鼠中没有可观察到的异常。总之,AmP提出了一种新的绿色和易于制备的两亲性生物材料,具有作为药物输送赋形剂的潜力。
    The marketed paclitaxel (PTX) formulation Taxol relies on the application of Cremophor EL as a solubilizer. The major drawback of Taxol is its hypersensitivity reactions and a pretreatment of anti-allergic drugs is a necessity. Therefore, developing an efficient and safe delivery vehicle is a solution to increase PTX treatment outcomes with minimal adverse effects. In this work, we prepared the amphiphilic peptides (termed AmP) from soybean proteins using a facile two-step method. AmP could efficiently solubilize PTX by self-assembling into mixed micelles with D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), a common pharmaceutical expedient (PTX@TPGS-AmP). The intravenously administrated PTX@TPGS-AmP exhibited a slow clearance (0.24 mL·(min·kg)-1) and an enhanced AUC (41.4 μg.h/mL), manifesting a 3.6-fold increase compared to Taxol. In a murine 4T1 tumor model, PTX@TPGS-AmP displayed a superior antitumor effect over Taxol. Importantly, safety assessment showed a high biocompatibility of AmP and an i.v. dose up to 2500 mg/kg led to no observable abnormalities in the mice. In summary, the AmP presents a new green and easily-prepared amphiphilic biomaterial, with promising potential as a pharmaceutical excipient for drug delivery.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    自从一个世纪前发现生育酚以来,α-生育酚具有独特的生物学功能。在这项研究中,我们旨在从化学角度阐明α-生育酚的独特特性。利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,我们评估了生育酚的热力学和动力学性质,生育三烯酚及其氧化产物。我们的发现强调了α-生育酚的优异的热力学和动力学性质。虽然生育酚底物通常表现出相似的反应性,α-生育酚的区别在于中间体中最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)之间的较大间隙,表明了更大的能量释放和有利于反应进展的潜力。此外,α-生育酚在猝灭自由基中间体中显示出增强的效率,尤其是与维生素C结合使用时。所有这些日期都为维生素E的命名提供了宝贵的支持。
    Since the discovery of tocopherols a century ago, α-tocopherol has been distinguished for its unique biological functions. In this study, we aim to elucidate the unique characteristics of α-tocopherol from a chemical perspective. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we evaluated the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their oxidation products. Our findings highlight the superior thermodynamic and kinetic properties of α-tocopherol. Although tocopherol substrates generally exhibit similar reactivities, α-tocopherol is distinguished by a larger gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in intermediates, indicating a potential for greater energy release and favoring reaction progression. Moreover, α-tocopherol shows enhanced efficiency in quenching radical intermediates, especially when combined with vitamin C. All these dates provide valuable support for the naming of vitamin E.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在利用功能性水凝胶材料的心脏组织修复领域已经取得了实质性进展。此外,载药水凝胶已成为调节不良微环境和预防心肌梗死后左心室重构的研究热点,从而促进改善的修复结果。在这项研究中,二丙烯酸酯化的PluronicF127胶束用作水凝胶的宏观交联剂,并且装载疏水性药物α-生育酚(α-TOH)。通过原位合成聚多巴胺(PDA)和掺入导电组分,构建了可注射且高度顺应性的抗氧化剂/导电复合材料FPDA水凝胶.水凝胶表现出优异的拉伸性,高韧性,良好的导电性,细胞亲和力,和组织粘连。在兔子模型中,通过手术将材料植入心肌组织,在结扎左冠状动脉前降支之后。植入后四周,有明显的功能恢复,表现为缩短分数和射血分数增加,伴随着减少的梗塞区域。这项研究的结果强调了FPDA水凝胶的实质性用途,因为它们具有调节MI后梗死微环境的主动能力,从而增强了心肌梗死的治疗效果。
    Substantial advancements have been achieved in the realm of cardiac tissue repair utilizing functional hydrogel materials. Additionally, drug-loaded hydrogels have emerged as a research hotspot for modulating adverse microenvironments and preventing left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), thereby fostering improved reparative outcomes. In this study, diacrylated Pluronic F127 micelles were used as macro-cross-linkers for the hydrogel, and the hydrophobic drug α-tocopherol (α-TOH) was loaded. Through the in situ synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) and the incorporation of conductive components, an injectable and highly compliant antioxidant/conductive composite FPDA hydrogel was constructed. The hydrogel exhibited exceptional stretchability, high toughness, good conductivity, cell affinity, and tissue adhesion. In a rabbit model, the material was surgically implanted onto the myocardial tissue, subsequent to the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks postimplantation, there was discernible functional recovery, manifesting as augmented fractional shortening and ejection fraction, alongside reduced infarcted areas. The findings of this investigation underscore the substantial utility of FPDA hydrogels given their proactive capacity to modulate the post-MI infarct microenvironment and thereby enhance the therapeutic outcomes of myocardial infarction.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    重金属的土壤污染已经成为一个很大的麻烦,导致农业生产的损失,特别是在像巴基斯坦这样的发展中国家,没有合适的渠道来灌溉和提取这些有毒的重金属。本研究旨在通过生长调节剂(α-生育酚150mg/L)和在4°C和50°C下的热压技术来改善重金属离子(Hg-汞)对油菜(BrassicanapusL.)的损害。保持植物的农艺和生理特性。在盆栽实验中,我们总共设计了11种治疗方法。(T0(控制),T1(Hg4ppm),T2(Hg8ppm),T3(Hg4ppm+4°C),T4(Hg4ppm+4°C+生育酚(150米/升)),T5(Hg4ppm+50°C),T6(Hg4ppm+50°C+生育酚(150mg/L)),T7(Hg8ppm+4°C),T8(Hg8ppm+4°C+生育酚(150mg/L)),T9(Hg8ppm+50°C),T10(Hg8ppm+50°C+生育酚(150mg/L)结果表明,叶绿素含量在p<0.05时与生长调节剂和抗氧化酶如过氧化氢酶,过氧化物酶,丙二醛在T5=Hg4ppm+50°C时增加到最大水平(在4ppm氯化汞胁迫下50°C热变形),表明高温引发抗氧化系统以减少光系统损伤。然而,蛋白质,脯氨酸,p<0.05的超氧化物歧化酶和类胡萝卜素,可溶性糖,在8ppm高氯化汞胁迫(T9=Hg8ppm+50°C)下,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和50°C的高温反应无显著增加(p>0.05),这代表了通过合成渗透物抵抗氧化机制对所选物种的耐受性。此外,在T6=Hg4ppm+50°C+α-生育酚(150mg/L)下,叶面施用α-生育酚和50°C热收缩和4ppm重金属胁迫容易改善%MC(水分含量)的降低,植物活力和发芽能量显著增加。结果表明,通过外源施用α-生育酚和通过合成高水平的脯氨酸和抗氧化活性来维持幼苗生长和发育的热压技术,可以改善仅低浓度(4ppm)重金属胁迫的抑制作用。金属污染土壤。
    Soil pollution with heavy metals has grown to be a big hassle, leading to the loss in farming production particularly in developing countries like Pakistan, where no proper channel is present for irrigation and extraction of these toxic heavy metals. The present study aims to ameliorate the damages caused by heavy metal ions (Hg-Mercury) on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) via a growth regulator (α-tocopherol 150 mg/L) and thermopriming technique at 4 °C and 50 °C to maintain plant agronomical and physiological characteristics. In pot experiments, we designed total of 11 treatments viz.( T0 (control), T1 (Hg4ppm), T2 (Hg8ppm), T3 (Hg4ppm + 4 °C), T4 (Hg4ppm + 4 °C + tocopherol (150 m/L)), T5 (Hg4ppm + 50 °C), T6 (Hg4ppm + 50 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L)), T7 (Hg8ppm + 4 °C), T8 (Hg8ppm + 4 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L)), T9 (Hg8ppm + 50 °C), T10 (Hg8ppm + 50 °C + tocopherol (150 mg/L) the results revealed that chlorophyll content at p < 0.05 with growth regulator and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde enhanced up to the maximum level at T5 = Hg4ppm + 50 °C (50 °C thermopriming under 4 ppm mercuric chloride stress), suggesting that high temperature initiate the antioxidant system to reduce photosystem damage. However, protein, proline, superoxide dismutase at p < 0.05, and carotenoid, soluble sugar, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) 50 °C thermopriming under 8 ppm high mercuric chloride stress (T9 = Hg8ppm + 50 °C) representing the tolerance of selected specie by synthesizing osmolytes to resist oxidation mechanism. Furthermore, reduction in % MC (moisture content) is easily improved with foliar application of α-tocopherol and 50 °C thermopriming and 4 ppm heavy metal stress at T6 = Hg4ppm + 50 °C + α-tocopherol (150 mg/L), with a remarkable increase in plant vigor and germination energy. It has resulted that the inhibitory effect of only lower concentration (4 ppm) of heavy metal stress was ameliorated by exogenous application of α-tocopherol and thermopriming technique by synthesizing high levels of proline and antioxidant activities in maintaining seedling growth and development on heavy metal contaminated soil.
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