三丁基锡(TBT)可用作具有防腐剂的防污剂,防腐和抗真菌性能,广泛用于木材保存和船舶绘画。然而,最近发现TBT对水生生物有害。在这项研究中,为了深入了解TBT对斑马鱼胚胎心血管系统发育的影响,斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的TBT溶液(0.2μg/L,1μg/L,和2μg/L)在受精后2小时(hpf)TBT暴露导致孵化率和心率降低,变形特征,如心包水肿,卵黄囊水肿,和斑马鱼胚胎的脊柱弯曲,心脏发育受损。心脏发育相关基因的表达(vmhc,myh6,nkx2.5,tbx5a,gata4,tbx2b,nppa)失调。使用转基因斑马鱼Tg(fli1:EGFP)来探索TBT暴露对血管发育的影响。发现TBT暴露可能导致节段间血管(ISV)发育受损,共同主静脉(CCV),肠下血管(SIV)和脑血管。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路相关基因(flt1,flt4,kdr,vegfa)被下调。生化指标表明,ROS和MDA水平显着升高,SOD和CAT活性显着降低。前列环素合成关键基因的表达(pla2,ptgs2a,ptgs2b,ptgis,ptgs1)异常。因此,TBT暴露引起的氧化应激可能导致斑马鱼胚胎中花生四烯酸(AA)的产生受阻,影响前列环素的合成,从而影响斑马鱼胚胎中心脏和血管的正常发育。
Tributyltin (TBT) can be used as an antifouling agent with anticorrosive, antiseptic and antifungal properties and is widely used in wood preservation and ship painting. However, it has recently been found that TBT can be harmful to aquatic organisms. In this study, to gain insight into the effects of TBT with respect to the development of the cardiovascular system in zebrafish embryos, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of TBT solutions (0.2 μg/L, 1 μg/L, and 2 μg/L) at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) TBT exposure resulted in decreased hatchability and heart rate, deformed features such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spinal curvature in zebrafish embryos, and impaired heart development. Expression of cardiac development-related genes (vmhc, myh6, nkx2.5, tbx5a, gata4, tbx2b, nppa) is dysregulated. Transgenic zebrafish Tg (fli1: EGFP) were used to explore the effects of TBT exposure on vascular development. It was found that TBT exposure could lead to impaired development of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), common cardinal vein (CCV), subintestinal vessels (SIVs) and cerebrovascular. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway-related genes (flt1, flt4, kdr, vegfa) was downregulated. Biochemical indices showed that ROS and MDA levels were significantly elevated and that SOD and CAT activities were significantly reduced. The expression of key genes for prostacyclin synthesis (pla2, ptgs2a, ptgs2b, ptgis, ptgs1) is abnormal. Therefore, it is possible that oxidative stress induced by TBT exposure leads to the blockage of arachidonic acid (AA) production in zebrafish embryos, which affects prostacyclin synthesis and consequently the normal development of the heart and blood vessels in zebrafish embryos.