BACKGROUND Fetus in fetu (FIF), or parasitic fetus, is a rare malformation that typically occurs in the retroperitoneum, but can be found in other unusual locations, such as the skull, sacrum, and mouth. The presence of a spine is necessary for diagnosis. CASE REPORT Intracranial FIFs were retrospectively studied. Abnormalities were detected in the fetal head during a 33-week prenatal examination; however, MRI could not provide more information, due to space occupation. A baby girl was born via cesarean delivery at 37 weeks, with a large head circumference. She had delays in motor skills and speech development, only able to say \"mom\". There was a large mass in the cerebral hemisphere, with a 13-cm maximum diameter, smooth boundary, and internal bone structure visible on head CT scan. Both ventricles and third ventricle had hydrops, with a fetal shape at a continuous level, along with apparent compression near the cerebral parenchyma. After performing preoperative examinations, laboratory tests, and surgical planning, craniotomy was performed on the FIF, under general anesthesia. Following complete mass resection, mouth, eye, arm, and hand shapes could be observed. The patient was unconscious after surgery and had seizures that were difficult to control. She died 12 days after surgery. Teratomas can be distinguished based on anatomy and imaging. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment and its prognosis is poor. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial FIF cases are rare and require early diagnosis and surgical treatment. Differentiating between FIF and teratoma is crucial, and monitoring alpha-fetoprotein levels after surgery can help detect recurrence.

卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤主要受累人群为青少年、对国家人口政策和生育健康具有重要意义。卵巢恶性生殖细胞起源于发育异常、未凋亡的生殖细胞，目前，其病理学分型主要依据形态学进行分类，尚未纳入起源细胞的遗传学事件。依据对女性生殖细胞发育历程的新认识，本文将通过全面介绍和对比卵巢、睾丸及儿童生殖细胞肿瘤的研究进展，以期更加深入了解较为常见的几种卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的遗传学特征，进而辅助理解各亚型普通谱系分化的原因以及寻找用于临床诊断、监测的潜在靶点。.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of children with metachronous or synchronous primary tumors and to identify related genetic tumor syndromes. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 4 children with multiple primary tumors diagnosed in the Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2023 were collected. The histological, immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics were examined using H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining, PCR, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patients were followed up. Results: Case 1 was an 8-year-old boy with the adrenal cortical carcinoma, and 5 years later a poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma was detected. Case 2 was a 2-year-old boy, presented with a left ventricular choroid plexus carcinoma, and a hepatoblastoma was detected 8 months later. Case 3 was a 9-month-old girl, diagnosed with renal rhabdoid tumor first and intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) 3 months later. Case 4 was a 7-year-old boy and had a sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma 3 years after the diagnosis of a glioblastoma. The morphology and immunohistochemical features of the metachronous or synchronous primary tumors in the 4 cases were similar to the corresponding symptom-presenting/first-diagnosed tumors. No characteristic germ line mutations were detected in cases 1 and 2 by relevant molecular detection, and the rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome was confirmed in case 3 using NGS. Case 4 was clearly related to constitutional mismatch repair deficiency as shown by the molecular testing and clinical features. Conclusions: Childhood multiple primary tumors are a rare disease with histological morphology and immunophenotype similar to the symptom-presenting tumors. They are either sporadic or associated with a genetic (tumor) syndrome. The development of both tumors can occur simultaneously (synchronously) or at different times (metachronously). Early identification of the children associated with genetic tumor syndromes can facilitate routine tumor screening and early treatment.
目的： 探讨儿童多原发肿瘤的临床病理学特征及识别相关遗传肿瘤综合征。 方法： 收集上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院病理科2011—2023年诊断的4例儿童多原发肿瘤患者的临床病理资料，采用HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、PCR、Sanger测序及二代测序等方法观察组织学、免疫表型以及分子特征，并随访患者。 结果： 例1男，8岁，首发肾上腺皮质癌，5年后检出胃低分化腺癌；例2男，2岁，首发左侧侧脑室脉络丛癌，8个月后检出肝母细胞瘤；例3女，9个月，首发肾脏横纹肌样瘤，3个月后发现颅内非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤；例4男，7岁，首发胶质母细胞瘤，3年后检出乙状结肠腺癌。4例患儿多原发肿瘤形态学及免疫组织化学均与相应的单发肿瘤相似，例1和例2经相关分子检测未检出特征性种系突变，例3经二代测序检测证实为横纹肌样瘤易感综合征，例4结合分子检测及临床特征明确与体质错配修复缺陷相关。 结论： 儿童多原发肿瘤是一类罕见的疾病，组织学形态和免疫表型与散发肿瘤相似，或散发，或与遗传肿瘤综合征相关。两种肿瘤可同时或异时发生，及早识别与遗传肿瘤综合征有关的患儿有助于实施定期肿瘤筛查并得到及时治疗。.

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BACKGROUND: Trophoblastic neoplasms are often associated with pregnancy, and nongestational trophoblastic neoplasms are extremely rare. Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a highly aggressive germ cell-derived tumor frequently presenting with early hematogenous metastasis.
METHODS: Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old unmarried woman with regular menstruation who experienced vaginal bleeding 1 week after her last menstrual cycle. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral adnexal masses and elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as presenting an ectopic pregnancy.
METHODS: The final pathology confirmed an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA NGCO with bilateral mature teratoma of the ovary. This is an extraordinary instance of ovarian choriocarcinoma which emerged without any prior gestation, and the patient\'s lack of a history of pregnancy made the diagnosis ignored.
METHODS: After initial surgery and 1 cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy, a laparoscopic fertility-preserving comprehensive staging surgery was performed. Two cycles of chemotherapy with BEP were administered as supplemental therapy postsurgery, and leuprorelin was administered to protect ovarian function.
RESULTS: Menstruation resumed 4 months after chemotherapy completion, and tumor indicators were within the normal range. No signs of recurrence were observed at the 36-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: NGCO should be considered if a female patient exhibits irregular vaginal bleeding and masses in the adnexal area. The present case and our literature review also highlighted that fertility-sparing surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are effective methods for treating NGCO.

BACKGROUND: Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare disease that is not easily detected or easily missed, and its treatment is based on surgery, including transabdominal, transsacral, or a combination of both, but there are no clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. We share a case of Altman type III SCT in order to provide more reference protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of adult SCT, and more importantly to increase our understanding of different types of SCT cases in adults.
METHODS: Our patient was a 31-year-old adult woman who underwent complete surgical resection of a cystic mature teratoma of the right ovary 8 years ago and is currently 13 months postpartum without menstruation, usually with a feeling of anal bulge, with symptoms such as constipation.
METHODS: We diagnosed SCT by vaginal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); benign tumors were considered in the results of serum tumor markers.
METHODS: We chose the surgical approach of laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach to completely remove the patient SCT and coccyx.
RESULTS: The location of SCT is concealed and the clinical symptoms are not obvious. Vaginal ultrasonography, CT and MRI can not only improve the diagnostic rate of SCT, but also understand the size and mass of SCT, providing an exact basis for clinicians to select the laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach.
CONCLUSIONS: Our sharing increases the reports of rare cases of teratoma with the same histological findings in different organ tissues of the same patient at different times, whether this occurs incidentally requires more case reports and further basic research; in addition, the laparoscopic transabdominal-sacrococcygeal approach is a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of Altman type III SCT in adults; finally, this case reminds us that SCT may not affect pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes and provides a reference for the selection of interventions for SCT with pregnancy.

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Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have good multi-lineage differentiation potential, which is an ideal model for studying the pathogenesis of diseases and drug screening.Here, we generated an iPSC line, SHUPLi002-A, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a healthy 28-year-old female individual using episomal vectors. SHUPLi002-A is characterized by expression of classical pluripotent stem cell markers as well as teratoma formation assays to evaluate their differentiation capacity in vivo.

This case report details a rare thymic basaloid carcinoma initially misinterpreted as a mediastinal teratoma, underscoring the diagnostic challenges posed by such tumors. A 71-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic anterior mediastinal tumor discovered incidentally during a routine health examination. Surgical intervention, followed by pathological and immunohistochemical analysis including CK-pan, p63, p40, and CD117 molecules, led to a definitive diagnosis of basaloid carcinoma of the thymus. This case highlights the critical importance of differential diagnosis in mediastinal lesions, especially those presenting with multilocular thymic cysts on chest CT. The subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery enabled complete tumor resection with minimal trauma and favorable postoperative outcomes. The patient opted against further radiotherapy or chemotherapy and she has survived for over eight months without recurrence. This case report contributes to the growing understanding of thymic basaloid carcinoma, a rare and potentially aggressive thymic carcinoma subtype. It emphasizes the necessity for precise surgical techniques and enhanced diagnostic acumen among cardiothoracic surgeons and oncologists.