背景:临床医生越来越多地为来自与自己不同的社会/文化背景的年轻人提供服务。这引发了关于如何解释这些年轻人报道的问题。Rescorla等人。(2019,欧洲儿童和青少年精神病学,28,1107)发现,在72,493名父母对其后代心理健康问题的评分中,个体差异比社会或文化差异造成的差异要大得多。尽管父母的报告对其后代的临床评估至关重要,它们反映了父母对后代的看法。因此,临床评估还需要后代自己的自我报告。为了测试个体差异的影响,社会,和文化对年轻人对他们的问题和优势的自我评价,我们分析了38个社会的39,849名11-17岁青少年的青年自我报告(YSR)得分。
方法:土著研究人员从38个社会的青年群体样本中获得了YSR自我评价,这些群体代表了全球领导力和组织行为有效性研究中确定的10个文化集群。在17个问题量表和一个强度量表上对分数进行分层线性建模,估计了个体差异(包括测量误差)所占的方差百分比,社会,和文化集群。ANOVAs测试了年龄和性别影响。
结果:17个问题量表的平均值,个体差异占方差的92.5%,社会差异6.0%,文化差异1.5%。对于优势,个体差异占方差的83.4%,社会差异10.1%,文化差异6.5%。年龄和性别的影响很小。
结论:与父母的评分一样,年轻人对问题的自我评价受个体差异的影响远远大于社会/文化差异。自我评价优势的大多数差异也反映了个体差异,但是社会/文化影响大于问题,表明社会可取性的影响更大。因此,青少年自我报告中个体差异的临床意义不应因社会/文化差异而最小化,这虽然很重要,但可以用适当的规范来考虑,性别和年龄差异也是如此。
BACKGROUND: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents\' ratings of their offspring\'s mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents\' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents\' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths\' self-ratings of their problems and
strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies.
METHODS: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one
strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects.
RESULTS: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For
strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Like parents\' ratings, youths\' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated
strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths\' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences.