由于合成的便利性,自组装短肽引起了科学家的兴趣,良好的生物相容性,低毒性,固有的生物降解性和对生理环境变化的快速反应。因此,有必要对过去十年中有关建设的最新进展进行全面总结,自组装短肽的给药途径和应用基于其独特和特定的自组装能力的知识。在这里,我们首先探讨了短肽自组装的分子机制,如未修饰的氨基酸,以及Fmoc修改,N-功能化,和C-官能化的肽。接下来,细胞渗透,聚变,并对基于肽的药物递送中的肽靶向进行了表征。然后,常见的给药途径和潜在的药物应用(药物递送,抗菌活性,稳定剂,显像剂,并对肽类药物在生物工程中的应用)进行了综述。最后但并非最不重要的,简要列出了相关领域的一些一般性结论和未来展望。尽管面临某些挑战,自组装短肽为药物开发的迷人领域提供了巨大的机会。
Self-assembled short peptides have intrigued scientists due to the convenience of synthesis, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, inherent biodegradability and fast response to change in the physiological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to present a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the last decade regarding the construction, route of administration and application of self-assembled short peptides based on the knowledge on their unique and specific ability of self-assembly. Herein, we firstly explored the molecular mechanisms of self-assembly of short peptides, such as non-modified amino acids, as well as Fmoc-modified, N-functionalized, and C-functionalized peptides. Next, cell penetration, fusion, and peptide targeting in peptide-based drug delivery were characterized. Then, the common administration routes and the potential pharmaceutical applications (drug delivery, antibacterial activity,
stabilizers, imaging agents, and applications in bioengineering) of peptide drugs were respectively summarized. Last but not least, some general conclusions and future perspectives in the relevant fields were briefly listed. Although with certain challenges, great opportunities are offered by self-assembled short peptides to the fascinating area of drug development.