Specialties, Dental

专业,牙科
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:探讨上颌前牙不同程度的白斑病变(WSLs)对正畸患者的审美知觉和治疗满意度的影响。正畸医生和其他牙科专家,并评估三组之间的差异。
    方法:共45例正畸患者,招募了45名正畸医生(OR)和45名其他牙科专家(OS)。使用数字视觉模拟量表(VAS)从0到100,对八张数字生成的WSL递增的上颌前牙照片进行了感知美学和治疗满意度的主观评估。收集数据并进行描述性统计分析,方差和多变量广义估计方程的重复单向分析。
    结果:共收集有效问卷135份。关于WSL的美学分数,对于无着色的过度白斑形成,OP比OR和OS(p<.05)给出更多的正分数,并且对于有轻微着色的过度白斑形成比OR(p<.05)更耐受。对于无空化的轻度至重度WSL,OP的治疗满意度高于OR。受教育程度较高的患者在审美感知和治疗满意度方面的负面得分较多(p<0.05)。刷牙频率较高的患者在治疗满意度方面得分较低(p<0.05)。
    结论:正畸医生在评估轻度至重度无空化的WSL的美学和治疗满意度时最为关键。对于正畸患者,更好的口腔卫生习惯和更高的教育水平与对WSL的更多批判性态度相关。
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of various degrees of white spot lesions (WSLs) of maxillary anterior teeth on the aesthetic perception and treatment satisfaction among orthodontic patients, orthodontists and other dental specialists and to evaluate the differences among the three groups.
    METHODS: A total of 45 orthodontic patients (OP), 45 orthodontists (OR) and 45 other dental specialists (OS) were recruited. Subjective evaluations of perceived aesthetics and treatment satisfaction were performed towards eight digitally generated photographs of maxillary anterior teeth with incremental degrees of WSLs using a numerical visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100. Data were collected and analysed with descriptive statistics, repeated one-way analysis of variance and multivariable generalized estimating equations.
    RESULTS: A total of 135 valid questionnaires were collected. Regarding aesthetic scores for WSLs, OP gave more positive scores than OR and OS (p < .05) towards excessive white spot formation without colouration and were more tolerant than OR (p < .05) towards excessive white spot formation with slight colouration. The level of treatment satisfaction for slight to severe WSLs without cavitation was higher in OP than OR. Patients with higher education levels had more negative scores for aesthetic perception and treatment satisfaction (p < .05). Patients who brushed teeth more frequently scored lower in treatment satisfaction (p < .05).
    CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists were the most critical when evaluating aesthetics and treatment satisfaction for slight to severe WSLs without cavitation. For orthodontic patients, better oral hygiene habits and higher education levels were associated with more critical attitudes towards WSLs.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目标:生成人工智能(GenAI),包括大型语言模型(LLM),在医疗保健和教育方面具有广泛的潜在应用。然而,目前尚不清楚LLM在解释书面输入和提供牙科准确答案方面的熟练程度.这项研究旨在调查GenAI在回答牙科许可考试问题时的准确性。
    方法:在ChatGPT3.5和4.0的两个版本中输入了来自美国和英国牙科执照考试的问题簿中的1461道多项选择题。美英牙科检查合格率分别为75.0%和50.0%,分别。分析并比较了两种版本的GenAI在个人检查和牙科受试者中的表现。
    结果:ChatGPT3.5正确回答了来自美国和英国牙科执照考试的68.3%(n=509)和43.3%(n=296)的问题,分别。ChatGPT4.0的得分分别为80.7%(n=601)和62.7%(n=429),分别。ChatGPT4.0通过了两项书面牙科执照考试,而ChatGPT3.5失败。比较2个版本时,与ChatGPT3.5相比,ChatGPT4.0正确回答了327个问题,错误回答了102个问题。
    结论:较新版本的GenAI在回答牙科执照考试的多项选择题方面表现出良好的熟练程度。虽然最新版本的GenAI通常表现更好,这一观察可能并非在所有情况下都成立,需要进一步改进。GenAI在牙科中的使用将对牙医与患者的沟通和牙科专业人员的培训产生重大影响。
    OBJECTIVE: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), including large language models (LLMs), has vast potential applications in health care and education. However, it is unclear how proficient LLMs are in interpreting written input and providing accurate answers in dentistry. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of GenAI in answering questions from dental licensing examinations.
    METHODS: A total of 1461 multiple-choice questions from question books for the US and the UK dental licensing examinations were input into 2 versions of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0. The passing rates of the US and UK dental examinations were 75.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The performance of the 2 versions of GenAI in individual examinations and dental subjects was analysed and compared.
    RESULTS: ChatGPT 3.5 correctly answered 68.3% (n = 509) and 43.3% (n = 296) of questions from the US and UK dental licensing examinations, respectively. The scores for ChatGPT 4.0 were 80.7% (n = 601) and 62.7% (n = 429), respectively. ChatGPT 4.0 passed both written dental licensing examinations, whilst ChatGPT 3.5 failed. ChatGPT 4.0 answered 327 more questions correctly and 102 incorrectly compared to ChatGPT 3.5 when comparing the 2 versions.
    CONCLUSIONS: The newer version of GenAI has shown good proficiency in answering multiple-choice questions from dental licensing examinations. Whilst the more recent version of GenAI generally performed better, this observation may not hold true in all scenarios, and further improvements are necessary. The use of GenAI in dentistry will have significant implications for dentist-patient communication and the training of dental professionals.
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  • 文章类型: Comparative Study
    The purpose of this study was to compare career choice and future plans of dental students in China and Japan. Information was derived from a self-answered questionnaire. Significant differences were detected for eight items between the two countries. Regarding motivation towards career choice, 41% of Japanese students indicated positive motives related to helping others, achieving self-worth and health-care related interests, whereas Chinese students indicated that their choice was mainly for financial and prestige reasons, and for 32% of them, dentistry was a passive choice. More Chinese dental students (74%) wanted further education compared with Japanese students (22%). The majority of Japanese students (56.9%) planned to work as general dentists. Conversely, Chinese students were more likely to specialise (50%). More than 50% of Japanese students wanted to work in dental offices, but the majority of Chinese students (65%) preferred university hospital. We found it is strange that nearly one-fourth of the Chinese students did not want to be a clinical dentist mainly because of the poor health-care environment. This study provides a description of the perspectives of Japanese and Chinese dental students and enables a better understanding of career choices and future course design issues.
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  • 文章类型: Editorial
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    OBJECTIVE: To determine how early musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) develop in dental professionals and to explore the potential differences among distinct dental specialties.
    METHODS: 271 dental postgraduates majoring in five dental specialties were recruited, i.e., orthodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, periodontics and alveolar surgery. 254 age-matched non-dental postgraduates served as the control. The standardized Nordic questionnaire on MSDs and a self-report questionnaire regarding correlative factors (only for dental postgraduates) were answered through emails. Reliability of responses was assessed applying test-retest method.
    RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient of participants\' answers ranged from 0.89 to 0.96. Dental postgraduates had significantly higher prevalence of MSDs than the control group, especially at neck, upper back and lower back. In all dental specialties included, high prevalence of MSDs was reported at neck (47.5%-69.8%), shoulders (50.8%-65.1%), lower back (27.1%-51.2%) and upper back (25.6%-46.5%), with lower prevalence at elbows (5.1%-18.6%), hips (3.4%-16.3%) and ankles (5.1%-11.6%). Periodontics students reported the worst MSDs in most body regions except wrists and knees, which were more prevalent for prosthodontic and alveolar surgery students, respectively. Furthermore, year of clinical work, clinical hours per week and desk hours per week were found as risk factors for MSDs, whereas physical exercise and rest between patients as protective factors.
    CONCLUSIONS: High and specialty-related MSDs afflict dental professionals even since very early stage of careers. Prevention aimed at the specialty-related characteristics and the risk/protective factors revealed in this study should be introduced to dental personnel as early as possible.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    OBJECTIVE: The status of the dental health care workforce in Shanghai was investigated in order to support and improve regional planning of this workforce.
    METHODS: Questionnaires were used to survey all dental medical units in Shanghai. Data were collected on the quantity, structure and levels of dental health personnel.
    RESULTS: A total of 852 dental medical units and 3,218 dentists were identified in Shanghai. The ratio of dentists to population is 1 : 5,201.
    CONCLUSIONS: Presently, the total dental health workforce in Shanghai is relatively sufficient, but its distribution is inequitable because there are fewer dental health personnel employed in the suburbs. Moreover, the structure of the dental health workforce in Shanghai is inequitable and specialists in preventive dentistry are lacking. The results of this study can be applied to help Shanghai achieve the rational distribution and efficient utilisation of the dental health workforce available.
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  • 文章类型: Comparative Study
    Different educational and professional developments within the dental field create different sets of missions, norms, and practices regarding dental diseases and their appropriate treatment. This review has addressed differences in dental education and professional development between mainland China and North America. Many factors influence the choice of model and it is very difficult to predict which model will become predominant. However, there is growing sentiment that the independent faculty model in North America is logical and superior to the model, which \'integrates\' dental and medical education in mainland China. Many North America dental schools place a high priority on preclinical and clinical training in the curriculum in order to expose students to patient oral health needs and systemic dental problems much earlier than in mainland China. North America dental schools promote and embrace students self-learning skills by the use of PBL, CRL, and TRAD education methodologies and new e-based technologies and approaches whereby students learn rather than are taught. In mainland China, the traditional lecture-based format is still employed in the majority of dental schools; however, strategies to enhance students self-learning skills is increasingly utilised in most well-known Chinese dental schools. The Chinese dental education model, which treats dentistry as a sub-specialty of medicine, has brought about fundamental differences, with the dentist functioning essentially as a stomatologist. For example, China has built up a large oral and maxillofacial surgery society, and craniofacial surgery is performed to a much broader extent by Chinese dentists than by most North American counterparts. In North America, dentists engage in full-time work, attend continuing training/education programmes, belong to an association, gain legal status, and construct a code of ethics emphasising the quality of care delivered to the public. Currently, continuing dental education in North America is available through a variety of venues involving licensing authorities, universities and private programmes. The concept of professional development in mainland China is relatively new and is still considered primarily in the context of promotion or achieving a higher professional title. Mandatory continuing dental professional education requirements do not guarantee the competence of members of the profession. Today, the Chinese government and society place increasing emphasis upon the accountability of self-regulating professions. Rather than attempting to summarise the current scope of dental education and professional development between mainland China and North America, this paper hopes to enhance mutual understanding, and promote greater academic exchanges in dental education.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    The Chinese dental education system has undergone major changes over the past three decades. Although a number of approaches have been adopted for the modification of the dental curriculum, the greatest challenge remains as to how to develop enough qualified dentists to meet the dental care needs of China\'s 1.3 billon population. In many areas the limited funds have been mainly used for the enhancement of academic status while the clinical training programmes for the improvement of practical skills of the clinicians has been greatly neglected. In addition, the discrepancies in the distribution of dental resources have been increasingly alarming and have the tendency toward becoming even more serious in the future. The aim of this review is to describe dental education in China in the hope that more favourable changes could take place and the system itself could be further optimised.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    OBJECTIVE: To identify the subjects of interest and to examine the modes as well as means of study for continuing professional dental education amongst general dental practitioners who attended the 26th Asia Pacific Dental Congress, 28 May-1 June 2004, Hong Kong.
    METHODS: A total of 381 general dental practitioners as the registered conference delegates from Hong Kong, Mainland China and other Asia-Pacific regions were randomly selected for the present survey. The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews by a group of practising dentists in Hong Kong.
    RESULTS: Overall, orthodontics and prosthodontics were the most popular subjects for clinical degree programmes, whilst oral implantology and cosmetic dentistry were the highly preferred subjects for continuing education courses. Concerning the preferred mode of study for degree programmes, the part-time study mode was chosen by 68.3% of the participating dentists. A didactic teaching approach was preferred by most of the participants (81.7%) for postgraduate study. The majority of the interviewees (76.5%) were interested in a proposed clinical degree programme to be offered jointly by The University of Hong Kong and a leading university in the Mainland. Overall, there was no marked difference in the preference for continuing dental education amongst the respondents from Hong Kong, Mainland China and other Asia-Pacific regions.
    CONCLUSIONS: The present survey shows the currently preferred specialty areas and subjects for continuing professional dental education amongst the general dental practitioners who attended the 26th Asia Pacific Dental Congress, with didactic teaching as the most preferred mode of study on a part-time basis.
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  • DOI:
    文章类型: Journal Article
    Over the last few decades, the increase in knowledge and advances in dental technology have raised oral health care to a new level, and dental educators and the profession have put increasing demands on the clinical competencies expected of new graduates. The medical profession has reformed radically with its evidence-based and problem-based curricula, and its extension of the post-qualification training of family practitioners has meant universities, colleges and postgraduate institutes developing new strategies. This paper reviews the development of general dentistry, with special emphasis on the global trend towards enhanced postgraduate training.
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