OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the congenital sternoclavicular sinus in the region of sternoclavicular joint, providing valuable insights for clinical practice in children.
METHODS: A retrospective review of case notes was conducted for all patients treated for congenital sternoclavicular sinus at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice from January 2022 to September 2023.This review analyzed the clinical presentations, imaging examination, pathological examination, and treatment.
RESULTS: A total of 56 patients with congenital sternoclavicular sinus were included in the study, with a mean age of 4.10 ± 2.57 years old. Among these patients, the sinuses were located on the left side in 43 cases,on the right side in 12 cases,and bilaterally in one case.While two patients never experienced inflammation, 54 patients did, and 45 of them underwent incision and drainage before excision. Imaging examination, including ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) scans, revealed characteristics such as thickening of subcutaneous tissue,subcutaneous tubular structures or tubercles in front of the clavicle,and irregularly shaped lesions with clear borders and uneven internal low echo, Pathological examination confirmed that the sinuses were lined by squamous epithelium in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The congenital sternoclavicular sinus may be a remnant of the fourth branchial cleft on the skin side.Complete resection of the sinus during the quiescent phase of inflammation is the recommended curative treatment to prevent recurrent infection.

The suggestion that the systemic immune response in lymph nodes (LNs) conveys prognostic value for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has not previously been investigated in large cohorts. We used a deep learning (DL) framework to quantify morphological features in haematoxylin and eosin-stained LNs on digitised whole slide images. From 345 breast cancer patients, 5,228 axillary LNs, cancer-free and involved, were assessed. Generalisable multiscale DL frameworks were developed to capture and quantify germinal centres (GCs) and sinuses. Cox regression proportional hazard models tested the association between smuLymphNet-captured GC and sinus quantifications and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). smuLymphNet achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.86 and 0.74 for capturing GCs and sinuses, respectively, and was comparable to an interpathologist Dice coefficient of 0.66 (GC) and 0.60 (sinus). smuLymphNet-captured sinuses were increased in LNs harbouring GCs (p < 0.001). smuLymphNet-captured GCs retained clinical relevance in LN-positive TNBC patients whose cancer-free LNs had on average ≥2 GCs, had longer DMFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, p = 0.02) and extended GCs\' prognostic value to LN-negative TNBC patients (HR = 0.14, p = 0.002). Enlarged smuLymphNet-captured sinuses in involved LNs were associated with superior DMFS in LN-positive TNBC patients in a cohort from Guy\'s Hospital (multivariate HR = 0.39, p = 0.039) and with distant recurrence-free survival in 95 LN-positive TNBC patients of the Dutch-N4plus trial (HR = 0.44, p = 0.024). Heuristic scoring of subcapsular sinuses in LNs of LN-positive Tianjin TNBC patients (n = 85) cross-validated the association of enlarged sinuses with shorter DMFS (involved LNs: HR = 0.33, p = 0.029 and cancer-free LNs: HR = 0.21 p = 0.01). Morphological LN features reflective of cancer-associated responses are robustly quantifiable by smuLymphNet. Our findings further strengthen the value of assessment of LN properties beyond the detection of metastatic deposits for prognostication of TNBC patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to examine the roles of anatomical variation in localized and diffuse chronic rhinosinusitis [LCRS and DCRS]) .
UNASSIGNED: A database was analyzed retrospectively on patients hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of our university hospital from 2017 to 2020. A total of 281 patients were included and divided into three categories: patients with LCRS, patients with DCRS, and a normal control group. The frequency of anatomical variation, the demographic information, disease type (with or without polyps), symptom visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Lund-Mackay (L-M) scores were calculated and compared.
UNASSIGNED: Anatomical variants were observed more frequently in LCRS than DCRS (P < 0.05). The frequency of variation was higher in the LCRSwNP group than the DCRSwNP group (P < 0.05), and higher in the LCRSsNP group than the DCRSsNP group (P < 0.05). The L-M scores for patients with DCRS with nasal polyps were significantly higher (14.96 ± 6.15) than those of patients with DCRS without nasal polyps (6.80 ± 5.00) and also significantly higher (3.78 ± 2.07) than those of patients with LCRS with nasal polyps (2.63 ± 1.12; P < 0.05). A poor correlation was observed between the severity of symptoms and the performance of CT scans in CRS (R = 0.29, P < 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: Anatomical variants were common in CRS, and possibly correlated with LCRS but not with DCRS. The frequency of anatomical variation is not associated with the occurrence of polyps. CT could reflect the severity of disease symptoms to some extent.

Objective:To review the clinical and radiological presentation and management of infected nasal dermal sinus cysts（NDSC） in children. Methods:Clinical data were collected from 59 NDSC children with secondary fronto-orbital area infection who presented to Beijing Children\'s Hospital from January 2007 to December 2021. All patients underwent preoperative imaging workup, including MRI and CT. All patients underwent endoscopic excision of a NDSC under general anesthesia. Results:A total of 59 patients were included in the study,while 58 presented with a sinus, 1 presented with a cyst.The main lesions of NDSC included nasal root in 20 cases （33.9%）, nasal bridge in 34 cases （57.6%）, nasal tip in 4 cases （6.8%）, and nasal tip and nasal root in 1 case （1.7%）. The depth of lesions included 6 cases （10.2%） of superficial type of nasal frontal bone, 33 cases （55.9%） of nasal frontal bone, 19 cases （32.2%） of intracranial epidural type, and 1 case （1.7%） of intracranial epidural type. The main sites of infection included inner canthus in 15 cases （25.4%）, nasal dorsum in 22 cases （37.3%）, nasal root in 16 cases （27.1%）, and forehead in 6 cases （10.2%）. Among 59 cases, 7 cases （11.9%） were complicated with other diseases, and 4 cases（6.8%） had external nasal deformities. Surgical approaches included transverse incision in 12 cases（20.3%）, minimal midline vertical incision in 41 cases （69.5%）, external rhinoplasty in 4 cases （6.8%） and bicoronal incision with vertical incision in 2 cases （3.4%）. The range of lesions was completely consistent with MRI results.All cases were successfully operated without one-stage nasal dorsum reconstruction. All patients were followed up from 7 to 173 months（average 52.2 months）. There were 6 cases of recurrence, all of which were in situ recurrence. The operation was performed again, and no recurrence has occurred since the follow-up, No nasal deformity was noted, and cosmetic outcome were favorable for all patients. Conclusion:NDSC infection in children with midfacial infection as the first symptom is rare in clinical practice, and its manifestations are diverse. Early diagnosis and rational treatment are very important to improve the cure rate.Preoperative high resolution MRI combined with CT scanning is of great significance in judging the course of NDSC, especially the intracranial extension. The treatment goal is to achieve minimally invasive and individualized treatment under the premise of complete excision of the lesion, and take into account the cosmetic needs.
目的：总结以面中部感染为首发症状的儿童鼻中线囊肿及瘘管（NDSC）的临床特点及诊疗经验。 方法：收集2007年1月—2021年12月就诊于北京儿童医院的59例NDSC继发额鼻眶区感染患儿的临床资料。均完善薄层CT及MRI检查，并进行全身麻醉内镜辅助下囊肿及瘘管切除术。 结果：59例病例包括囊肿1例，瘘管58例。NDSC主要部位包括鼻根20例（33.9%），鼻梁34例（57.6%），鼻尖4例（6.8%），鼻尖及鼻根1例（1.7%）。病变深度包括鼻额骨浅表型6例（10.2%），鼻额骨型33例（55.9%），颅内硬膜外型19例（32.2%），颅内硬膜内型1例（1.7%）。感染灶主要部位包括内眦15例（25.4%），鼻背22例（37.3%），鼻根16例（27.1%），前额部6例（10.2%）。59例患儿中，合并其他疾病7例（11.9%），外鼻畸形4例（6.8%）。手术入路包括横行小切口12例（20.3%），纵行小切口41例（69.5%），开放式整形切口4例（6.8%），双顶冠状切口2例（3.4%）。病变范围与MRI结果均完全符合。所有患儿手术过程顺利，未行一期鼻背重建术。术后随访7~173个月（平均52.2个月），复发6例，均为鼻梁瘘管原位复发，再次手术，随访至今无复发。全部患儿外鼻无畸形，外观满意。 结论：以面中部感染为首发症状的儿童NDSC感染临床少见，表现多样。早期诊断及合理化治疗对于提高治愈率至关重要。高分辨率MRI辅以CT扫描对于判断NDSC的走行，尤其是与颅内贯通情况具有重要意义。治疗目标是在彻底切除病灶的前提下尽量做到微创、个体化，并兼顾美容需求。.

OBJECTIVE: Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a benign tumor but has a potential for recurrence and malignant transformation. The aim of this article is to analyze the clinical characteristics of sinonasal inverted papilloma associated with recurrence and malignant transformation.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in all patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma diagnosed between in our hospital during May 2013 and May 2018.
RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were enrolled in this study. The average age of these patients was 52.24 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.775:1, and the most frequent clinical symptom was nasal obstruction. The recurrence rate was 39.07% (59/151), the mean time of recurrence was 35.8 months and most recurrences occur within the first three years after surgery. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between all four stages and between after endoscopic surgery and a combined endoscopic and external approach. The malignant transformation rate was 5.96% (9/151) and the mean time of malignant transformation was 9.06 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Because of its high recurrence rate and the potential of malignant transformation, so it is important to determine the primary site of the tumor and to make a complete removal and a follow-up of at least five years after surgery is recommended.

暂无摘要。

In February 2018, a 67-year-old male patient with infected abdominal aortic aneurysm was admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College. After admission, abdominal aortic endovascular exclusion surgery, right iliac artery-double femoral artery vascular bypass+ infected abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy+ stent removal surgery, and active anti-infective treatment were performed in the department of vascular surgery. Seven days after the vascular prosthesis bypass surgery, the surface skin of the vascular prosthesis of the patient was red and swollen, and there was a purulent discharge, which was diagnosed as poor healing of sinus of vascular prosthesis. Surgeons of our department and the department of vascular surgery performed incision and debridement of sinus of vascular prosthesis+ vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the early stage under local anesthesia. After the local infection was controlled and wound blood supply was improved, stage Ⅱ surgery of resection of sinus of vascular prosthesis+ vascular prosthesis partial diversion+ local flap propulsion under general anesthesia was performed. The incision healed well after surgery, and the patient was discharged smoothly. During the follow-up of 6 months, the patient\'s flap was in good shape, and the wound was healed. This case prompts that after the diagnosis of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm vascular sinus poor healing, we can actively open the infected sinus, use VSD technology to treat granulation wounds, then divert the implanted vascular prosthesis to prepare fresh local flap which covers the vascular prosthesis, and use new silver ion dressing to cover the wounds, thus achieving satisfactory results.
2018年2月，青岛大学医学院附属烟台毓璜顶医院血管外科收治1例67岁男性感染性腹主动脉瘤患者。入院后血管外科给予腹主动脉腔内隔绝术、右腋动脉－双股动脉人工血管旁路＋感染性腹主动脉瘤切除＋支架取出术，同时积极抗感染。人工血管旁路术后7 d，患者人工血管表面皮肤红肿破溃，有脓性分泌物溢出，诊断为人工血管窦道愈合不良。笔者科室医师联合血管外科医师早期在局部麻醉下行人工血管窦道切开清创＋负压封闭引流(VSD)术，待局部感染控制、创面血运改善后，Ⅱ期在全身麻醉下行人工血管窦道切除＋人工血管部分改道＋局部皮瓣推进术。手术后切口愈合良好，患者顺利出院。随访6个月，患者皮瓣外形良好，创面愈合可。本病例提示确诊感染性腹主动脉瘤人工血管窦道愈合不良后，积极开放感染窦道，采用VSD技术处理肉芽创面，随后对植入的人工血管进行改道，制备新鲜的局部皮瓣覆盖人工血管，创面覆盖新型银离子敷料，可取得较佳疗效。.

Mice models were used to study the pathogenesis of mice and human diseases. Although some mice models of allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis have been reported, no detailed anatomic, histological and computed tomographic comparative data of the normal murine sinus are available in the literature for new researchers to establish mice models. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histological and computed tomographic characteristics of the normal nasal sinus in BALB/c mice. Fifteen sinonasal specimens were collected. Five mice were subjected to micro-computed tomography imaging, and then dissected to observe its anatomic landmarks, and 10 mice were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining. Important anatomic landmarks were clearly demonstrated, including the ethmoturbinates, nasoturbinal, maxilloturbinate, ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, nasopharyngeal duct, nasolacrimal duct and vomeronasal organ. Full and typical sinonasal landmarks can be visualized by gross anatomy, micro-computed tomography imaging and haematoxylin and eosin staining, which will be useful for establishing the mouse models of nasal disease.

BACKGROUND: Topical corticosteroids are currently employed to reduce established airway inflammation; their prophylactic use might help limit cellular damage against harmful stimuli.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a prophylactic topical application of budesonide (BD) on an in vivo nasal epithelium injury model induced by trichloroacetic acid (TCA).
METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to intranasal TCA topical application. Three groups received topical intranasal BD, saline solution, or no intervention prior to a single topical exposure to TCA. Controls were not exposed to TCA. Whole nasal cavity coronal sections were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 days postinjury at tissue and cellular levels using histopathological analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and fresh tissue RNA microarray analysis.
RESULTS: Prophylactic topical corticosteroid exposure protected the nasal epithelium from acute damage, maintaining epithelial thickness and cell survival. Six days following TCA exposure, epithelial and cellular changes were less pronounced on the BD-treated group compared to all exposure groups. The microarray analysis was used to evaluate the gene transcripts in all treatment groups. Ciliary tip protein, Sentan, and submucosal protein S100b were identified as potential factors in epithelial airway protection; immunofluorescent staining corroborated their presence and location within the respiratory epithelium.
CONCLUSIONS: Topical corticosteroid treatment to the nasal epithelium can mitigate several of the early deleterious effects of acute epithelial damage in experimental airway injuries caused by TCA. These findings suggest a novel, direct cytoprotective effect of corticosteroids on the nasal epithelium, and the potential of expanding the use of prophylactic periprocedural topical corticosteroids for respiratory epithelial tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal treatments and the prognostic factors of the tentorial meningiomas (TMs).
METHODS: The data of clinical symptom, imaging examination, surgical approaches as well as the influence factors of gross total resection (GTR) of 43 TMs cases were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Imaging examinations of computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) were performed in all 43 cases. The angiographies such as computer tomography angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were obtained in part of these cases. The TMs can be classified into 2 types as superior/inferior to the tentorium, and subtypes as medial/lateral, anterior/middle/posterior according its location and the origination of the tumor. Six different surgical approaches were utilized in the study mainly depending on the tumor location and the surgeon\'s preference. CT scan was performed in all patients 6h after the operation. Follow-up MRI with contrast was also obtained 3 months later. Simpson\'s grade of excision was applied. GTR was defined as Simpson grade I and II, and was acquired in 34 cases, in which Simpson grade I resection was accomplished in 15 cases, and subtotal resection (STR) was defined as more than 90% of the tumor volume was removed and was acquired in 7 cases; histopathology revealed 34 benign (grade I), 8 atypical (grade II), and 1 malignant (grade III) cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Elaborate imaging examination, microsurgical skills as well as the choices of approaches and management of the sinus involved are the main prognostic factors of the TMs.