全球两栖动物多样性大量丧失的主要威胁之一是水霉菌病,由乳糜菌Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis(Bd)和B.salamandrivorans(Bsal)引起。Bsal在2013年被发现后,已成为对乌德兰全球生存的严重威胁。2018年,一项研究报告说,香港new中Bsal的患病率很高(65.6%)(Paramesotritonhongkonggensis,临近威胁)毗邻香港(香港)的中国南部人口。关于居住在香港的洪孔虫的Bsal感染状况的不确定性引起了人们对从该人群中引入Bsal的风险的深切关注。我们从洪孔虫的野生个体中筛选了皮肤拭子,15种同胞两栖动物,和16种在香港进口的两栖动物物种,用于食草动物。我们发现,Bsal和Bd在洪孔虫中的患病率较低(Bsal1.7%,5/293;Bd0.34%,1/293),香港瀑布蛙,Amoolopshongkongensis,犬科(仅限Bsal,5.26%,1/19),和亚洲常见的蟾蜍,黑体,Bufonidae家族(仅限Bsal,5.88%,1/17),香港人口,感染者无症状,表明这些物种作为Bsal的储库的潜在作用。相反,Bd,但不是Bsal,出现在13.2%(9/68)的进口两栖动物身上,这表明国际两栖动物贸易带来了很高的引进风险。建议对野生和圈养两栖动物中Bd和Bsal的存在进行长期监测,我们建议防止非本地食糜载体的进出口,特别是那些两栖动物种群对Bd和Bsal幼稚的地区。
One of the major threats for the massive loss in global amphibian diversity is chytridiomycosis, caused by chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). Following its discovery in 2013, Bsal has emerged as a severe threat to the global survival of urodelans. In 2018, a study reported a high prevalence of Bsal (65.6%) in the Hong Kong newts (Paramesotriton hongkongensis, Near Threatened) of a southern
China population adjacent to Hong Kong (HK). Uncertainty regarding the Bsal infection status of P. hongkongensis inhabiting HK raised deep concern over the risk of introducing Bsal from that population. We screened the skin swabs from wild individuals of P. hongkongensis, 15 sympatric amphibian species, and 16 imported amphibian species in HK for chytrids. We found that both Bsal and Bd occur in low prevalences in P. hongkongensis (Bsal 1.7%, 5/293; Bd 0.34%, 1/293), Hong Kong cascade frog, Amolops hongkongensis, family Ranidae (Bsal only, 5.26%, 1/19), and Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, family Bufonidae (Bsal only, 5.88%, 1/17), populations of HK, with infected individuals being asymptomatic, suggesting a potential role of these species as reservoirs of Bsal. Conversely, Bd, but not Bsal, was present on 13.2% (9/68) of imported amphibians, indicating a high chytrid introduction risk posed by international amphibian trade. Long-term surveillance of the presence of Bd and Bsal in wild and captive amphibians would be advisable, and we recommend that import and export of nonnative chytrid carriers should be prevented, especially to those regions with amphibian populations naïve to Bd and Bsal.