中国身心锻炼(CMBE)与执行功能(EF)呈正相关,但是它们对EF的影响,从使用系统和元分析评价的综合证据中,没有进行。因此,本系统综述采用荟萃分析试图确定CMBE是否影响EF及其子域,以及如何锻炼,样品,研究特征调节了中老年人CMBE与EF之间的因果关系。从每个数据库开始到2020年6月,搜索了七个电子数据库中发表的相关研究(PubMed,WebofScience,Embase,Cochrane控制试验登记册,万方,中国国家知识基础设施,和维普)。包括在平均年龄≥50岁的成年人中,完整认知或轻度认知障碍(MCI)以及有或没有慢性疾病的至少一项CMBE对EF的结果测量的随机对照试验。最终共有29项研究(N=2,934)纳入本研究。结果表明,CMBE提高了总体EF(标准化平均差异=0.28,95%CI0.12,0.44),以及其工作记忆和转移的子域。无论类型如何,CMBEs对EF的有益作用都会发生(太极拳,气功),组班频率(≤2次,3-4次,≥5次),会话时间(≤45分钟,46-60分钟),总训练时间(≥150至≤300分钟,>300分钟),和CMBE的长度(4-12周,13-26周,和>26周),此外,更频繁地参加集体课程和家庭实践课程(每周≥5次)也带来了更多的有益效果.还证明了CMBEs对EF的积极影响,无论参与者的平均年龄(50-65岁,>65岁),性别(只有女性,两者),和认知状态(正常,MCI,未提及),健康状况(患有慢性病,没有慢性疾病),以及培训模式(小组班,小组课程加家庭实践)和学习语言(英语,中文)。因此,这篇综述表明,CMBEs可以作为一种有效的方法,在提高EF方面具有小到中等和积极的效果。更频繁的团体课程和家庭实践课程可能会增加这些影响。然而,某些限制,包括严格的设计研究,特定变量的有限ES(效应大小)样本,和可能有偏见的出版物,需要特别注意,进一步探讨CMBE对EF的影响。
Chinese mind-body exercises (CMBEs) are positively associated with executive function (EF), but their effects on EF, from synthesized evidence using systematic and meta-analytic reviews, have not been conducted. Therefore, the present systematic review with meta-analysis attempted to determine whether CMBEs affect EF and its sub-domains, as well as how exercise, sample, and study characteristics moderate the causal relationship between CMBEs and EF in middle-aged and older adults. Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published from the inception of each database through June 2020 (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Wanfang,
China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Weipu). Randomized controlled trials with at least one outcome measure of CMBEs on EF in adults of mean age ≥ 50 years with intact cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with or without chronic diseases were included. A total of 29 studies (N = 2,934) ultimately were included in this study. The results indicated that CMBEs improved overall EF (Standardized Mean Differences = 0.28, 95% CI 0.12, 0.44), as well as its sub-domains of working memory and shifting. The beneficial effects of CMBEs on EF occurred regardless of type (Tai Chi, Qigong), frequency of group classes (≤2 time, 3-4 time, ≥5 times), session time (≤45 min, 46-60 min), total training time (≥150 to ≤300 min, >300 min), and length of the CMBEs (4-12 week, 13-26 week, and >26 week), in addition to that more frequent participation in both group classes and home practice sessions (≥5 times per week) resulted in more beneficial effects. The positive effects of CMBEs on EF were also demonstrated, regardless of participants mean age (50-65 years old, >65 years old), sex (only female, both), and cognitive statuses (normal, MCI, not mentioned), health status (with chronic disease, without chronic disease), as well as training mode (group class, group class plus home practice) and study language (English, Chinese). This review thus suggests that CMBEs can be used as an effective method with small to moderate and positive effects in enhancing EF, and that more frequent group classes and home practice sessions may increase these effects. However, certain limitations, including strictly design studies, limited ES (effect size) samples for specific variables, and possible biased publications, required paying particular attention to, for further exploring the effects of CMBEs on EF.