The bacterial community dynamics and metabolomic profiles in raw yak (Y) milk and cattle-yak (CY) milk during refrigeration at 4 °C were investigated, followed by the elucidation of interspecific differences in milk storage. Bacterial communities and succession patterns were significantly different between the two milk types during refrigeration, with Lactococcus and Pseudomonas being the key distinguishing genera. Moreover, higher network complexity and tighter interactions were observed for the microbial community in CY milk than in Y milk. Furthermore, 7 proteases and 1 lipase potentially contributed to milk spoilage. The metabolomic profiles significantly differed between the milk types during refrigeration. Extended storage time decreased the relative abundances of organic nitrogen compounds and lipids and lipid-like molecules, with a concomitant increase in organic acids and derivatives, particularly in Y milk. Moreover, 9 metabolites, whose levels gradually increased with storage time, were strongly correlated with psychrophiles and thus considered potential markers of deterioration in plateau-characteristic milk. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for augmenting the quality and safety of plateau-characteristic milk and its derivatives, while also helping us understand the microbial and metabolic dynamics in raw milk under extreme environments.

The increasing public demand for fresh products has catalyzed the requirement for cold chain logistics distribution systems. However, challenges such as temperature control and delivery delays have led a significant product loss and increased costs. To improve the current situation, a novel approach to optimize cold chain logistics distribution for fresh products will be presented in the paper, utilizing a hybrid Tabu-Grey wolf optimizer (TGWO) algorithm. The proposed hybrid approach combines Tabu search (TS) and Grey wolf optimizer (GWO), employing TS for exploration and GWO for exploitation, aiming to minimize distribution costs in total and establish efficient vehicle scheduling schemes considering various constraints. The effectiveness of the TGWO algorithm is demonstrated through experiments and case studies compared to other heuristic algorithms. Comparative analysis against traditional optimization methods, including Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and original GWO, highlights its superior efficiency and solution quality. This study contributes theories by demonstrating the efficacy of hybrid optimization techniques in complex supply chain networks and dynamic market environments. The practical implication lies in the implementation of TGWO to bolster distribution efficiency, cost reduction, and product quality maintenance throughout the logistics process, offering valuable insights for operational and strategic improvements by decision-makers. However, the study has limitations in generalizability and assumptions, suggesting future research areas including exploring new search operators, applying additional parameters, and using the algorithm in diverse real-life scenarios to improve its effectiveness and applicability.

A 15-year-old female with Hodgkin\'s lymphoma underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation for preserving fertility in Reproductive Department of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical after receiving one course of chemotherapy. During the ovarian tissue cryopreservation, one MⅡmature oocyte and three germinal vesicle oocytes were found. The three immature oocytes underwent in vitro maturation but failed. Ultimately, one mature oocyte and 12 ovarian cortex slices were cryopreserved using vitrification. This case indicates that for patients with established gonadal axis feedback, ovarian tissue cryopreservation may not be the only method for fertility preservation. It is advisable to consider ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval for oocyte cryopreservation. Alternatively, for individuals in the ovulation phase of their menstrual cycle, attempting oocyte retrieval before ovarian tissue cryopreservation to obtain mature oocytes from the natural cycle, followed by oocyte cryopreservation, may enhance the likelihood of successful fertility preservation.
一例15岁霍奇金淋巴瘤患者行一个疗程化疗后来浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院生殖中心进行生育力保存。在卵巢组织冷冻保存期间发现1枚MⅡ成熟卵母细胞和3枚生发泡期卵母细胞。3枚未成熟卵母细胞行体外成熟培养未获得成熟卵子，最终玻璃化冷冻1枚成熟卵母细胞和12片卵巢皮质。提示对于青春期性腺轴反馈已建立患者，卵巢组织冷冻不是唯一的生育力保存方式，可考虑促排卵取卵冻存卵母细胞，或根据月经周期判断处于排卵期者，在卵巢组织冷冻前尝试穿刺取卵获得自然周期成熟卵母细胞行卵母细胞冷冻，从而提高患者生育力保存概率。.

Meat quality (MQ) is unstable during cold chain logistics (CCL). Different technologies have been developed to enhance MQ during the CCL process, while most of them cannot cover all the links of the cold chain because of complex environment (especially transportation and distribution), compatibility issues, and their single effect. Electric fields (EFs) have been explored as a novel treatment for different food processing. The effects and potential advantages of EFs for biological cryopreservation have been reported in many publications and some commercial applications in CCL have been realized. However, there is still a lack of a systematic review on the effects of EFs on their quality attributes in meat and its applications in CCL. In this review, the potential mechanisms of EFs on meat physicochemical properties (heat and mass transfer and ice formation and melting) and MQ attributes during different CCL links (freezing, thawing, and refrigeration processes) were summarized. The current applications and limitations of EFs for cryopreserving meat were also discussed. Although high intensity EFs have some detrimental effects on the quality attributes in meat due to electroporation and electro-breakdown effect, EFs present good applicability opportunities in most CCL scenes that have been realized in some commercial applications. Future studies should focus on the biochemical reactions of meat to the different EFs parameters, and break the limitations on equipment, so as to make EFs techniques closer to usability in the production environment and realize cost-effective large-scale application of EFs on CCL.

The spoilage of refrigerated pork involves nutrient depletion and the production of spoilage metabolites by spoilage bacteria, yet the microbe-metabolite interactions during this process remain unclear. This study employed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to reveal the core microbiota and metabolite profiles of pork during refrigeration. A total of 45 potential biomarkers were screened through random forest model analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that eleven pathways, including biogenic amine metabolism, pentose metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, were potential mechanisms of pork spoilage. Correlation analysis revealed nine metabolites-histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, D-gluconic acid, UDP-d-glucose, xanthine, glutamine, phosphatidylcholine, and hexadecanoic acid-as spoilage biomarkers, with Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Photobacterium playing significant roles. This study provides new insights into the changes in microbial and metabolic characteristics during the spoilage of refrigerated pork.

Postharvest fibrosis and greening of Toona sinensis buds significantly affect their quality during storage. This study aimed to clarify the effects of low-temperature storage on postharvest red TSB quality harvested in different seasons. Red TSB samples were collected from Guizhou province, China, 21 days after the beginning of spring (Lichun), summer (Lixia), and autumn (Liqiu), and stored at 4 °C in dark conditions. We compared and analyzed the appearance, microstructure, chlorophyll and cellulose content, and expression levels of related genes across different seasons. The results indicated that TSB harvested in spring had a bright, purple-red color, whereas those harvested in summer and autumn were green. All samples lost water and darkened after 1 day of storage. Severe greening occurred in spring-harvested TSB within 3 days, a phenomenon not observed in summer and autumn samples. Microstructural analysis revealed that the cells in the palisade and spongy tissues of spring and autumn TSB settled closely during storage, while summer TSB cells remained loosely aligned. Xylem cells were smallest in spring-harvested TSB and largest in autumn. Prolonged storage led to thickening of the secondary cell walls and pith cell autolysis in the petioles, enlarging the cavity area. Chlorophyll content was higher in leaves than in petioles, while cellulose content was lower in petioles across all seasons. Both chlorophyll and cellulose content increased with storage time. Gene expression analysis showed season-dependent variations and significant increases in the expression of over half of the chlorophyll-related and cellulose-related genes during refrigeration, correlating with the observed changes in chlorophyll and cellulose content. This research provides valuable insights for improving postharvest storage and freshness preservation strategies for red TSB across different seasons.

Sterilization of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) is a key tool to ensure their freshness for post-production transportation. However, in the face of the specific problem of quality deterioration caused by the increase of storage environment temperature due to unexpected circumstances or the prolongation of temporary storage time, it is still a technical challenge to realize intelligent decision-making and higher sterilization efficiency. In this paper, we propose an intelligent UV-Ozone sterilization system suitable for cold chain transportation of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Using hierarchical analysis, equipartition method and the prediction method of generalized linear model, combined with the technology of intelligent control and remote control, we realized the automatic control of the system\'s UV irradiance from 324 ∼ 1620 J/m2, and ozone concentration from21.4 ∼ 107 mg/cm3 in a graded manner. The accuracy of the predicted structure was verified using a combination of direct measurement and simulation. In addition, the key model of the system, the intensity level decision model, was tested, and the test results showed that the decision model was able to accurately make decisions during the sterilization of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), and the system was able to achieve a sterilization effect of 1-3 orders of magnitude. This reduces quality loss due to unexpected conditions, facilitates real-time monitoring of transported samples by staff, extends the shelf life of the samples, and improves the accuracy of sterilization, increasing the economic value of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis).

Soy isolate protein / chitooligosaccharide (SPI/COS) glycosylated conjugates was prepared and employed as an emulsifier to stabilize carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions (CNE-SPI/COS). The effects of CNE-SPI/COS on the oxidation and aggregation of myofibrillar protein (MPs) from sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) were investigated. Samples were immersed in sterile water (CK), SPI/COS solution and CNE-SPI/COS solution, respectively, follow by a 15-day refrigerated storage. MPs were extracted from fish fillets at 3-day intervals, then assessed for the oxidation degree and conformational changes in MPs, as well as structural variations in myofibrils. Compared with the CK group, the results obtained from protein oxidation assessment clarified that the oxidation and aggregation of MPs was significantly reduced by the CNE-SPI/COS treatment, as evidenced by the higher total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity and lower surface hydrophobicity. Conformational analysis of MPs showed that CNE-SPI/COS was effective in maintaining the ordered secondary structure of MPs and reducing the exposure of hydrophobic residues in the hydrophobic core of the tertiary structure. In addition, CNE-SPI/COS was found to be effective in protecting the microstructure of muscle fibers and myofibrils in fish fillets. These results suggest that CNE-SPI/COS can be a promising method to prevent protein oxidation and aggregation in fish.

Effect of part differences on metabolite molecule alterations in refrigerated pork was investigated. A metabolomics methodology combined with chemometric analysis was successfully established to identify key compounds and their conversion pathways, including precursors and volatile metabolites, in the Longissimus lumborum as well as the breast and flank stored for 11 days. In total, 12 discriminative precursors were identified using the Short Time-series Expression Miner. In tandem with Random Forest and ANOVA analyses, nine volatile metabolites were identified as key compounds that could be attributed to differences in pork sections. Bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares analysis revealed a potential correlation between these key metabolites and discriminative precursors. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the primary metabolic process affected by variations in pork sections is linoleic acid metabolism, which participates in the metabolism of cysteine and glutamic acid to produce methoxy-phenyl-oxime. This study provides valuable insights into the identification of differential metabolites.