冷藏猪肉的腐败涉及营养消耗和腐败菌产生腐败代谢产物,然而,在这一过程中微生物-代谢产物的相互作用仍不清楚。本研究采用16SrRNA高通量测序和基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)的非靶向代谢组学技术来揭示冷藏过程中猪肉的核心微生物区系和代谢谱。通过随机森林模型分析共筛选出45种潜在的生物标志物。代谢途径分析表明,11个途径,包括生物胺代谢,戊糖代谢,嘌呤代谢,嘧啶代谢,磷脂代谢,和脂肪酸降解,是猪肉腐败的潜在机制。相关分析显示9种代谢物-组胺,酪胺,色胺,D-葡萄糖酸,UDP-d-葡萄糖,黄嘌呤,谷氨酰胺,磷脂酰胆碱,和十六烷酸-作为腐败生物标志物,假单胞菌,Serratia,和光细菌发挥着重要作用。这项研究为冷藏猪肉变质过程中微生物和代谢特性的变化提供了新的见解。
The spoilage of refrigerated pork involves nutrient depletion and the production of spoilage metabolites by spoilage bacteria, yet the microbe-metabolite interactions during this process remain unclear. This study employed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to reveal the core microbiota and metabolite profiles of pork during
refrigeration. A total of 45 potential biomarkers were screened through random forest model analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that eleven pathways, including biogenic amine metabolism, pentose metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, were potential mechanisms of pork spoilage. Correlation analysis revealed nine metabolites-histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, D-gluconic acid, UDP-d-glucose, xanthine, glutamine, phosphatidylcholine, and hexadecanoic acid-as spoilage biomarkers, with Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Photobacterium playing significant roles. This study provides new insights into the changes in microbial and metabolic characteristics during the spoilage of refrigerated pork.