星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中最丰富的细胞。它们通过其物理特性和神经元-神经胶质信号通路在神经元稳态中起关键作用。星形胶质细胞对神经元损伤反应,被称为反应性星形胶质增生,是伴随神经退行性疾病的共同特征,特别是阿尔茨海默病。反应性星形胶质细胞增生代表了一个连续的病理生物学过程,并与形态学相关,功能,基因表达有不同程度的变化。近年来,有关调节神经胶质生物学和病理生理学的信号传导途径的知识有了很大的增长。这里,我们试图对一些知名球员进行公正的审查,即钙,蛋白聚糖,转化生长因子β,NFκB,补充,在生理条件下以及阿尔茨海默病中介导神经元-神经胶质相互作用。本文综述了星形胶质细胞NFκB和钙以及星形胶质细胞分泌因子的作用。包括蛋白聚糖,TGFβ,和补体通过与神经元的直接相互作用以及与小胶质细胞的合作来介导神经元功能和AD发病机理。
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system. They play critical roles in neuronal homeostasis through their physical properties and neuron-glia signaling pathways. Astrocytes become reactive in response to neuronal injury and this process, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, is a common feature accompanying neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer\'s disease. Reactive astrogliosis represents a continuum of pathobiological processes and is associated with morphological, functional, and gene expression changes of varying degrees. There has been a substantial growth of knowledge regarding the signaling pathways regulating glial biology and pathophysiology in recent years. Here, we attempt to provide an unbiased review of some of the well-known players, namely calcium, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor β, NFκB, and complement, in mediating neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions as well as in Alzheimer\'s disease. This review discusses the role of astrocytic NFκB and calcium as well as astroglial secreted factors, including proteoglycans, TGFβ, and complement in mediating neuronal function and AD pathogenesis through direct interaction with neurons and through cooperation with microglia.