周围神经缺损是指发生在周围神经系统的损伤或破坏,通常影响四肢和面部。目前解决周围神经缺损的主要方法包括利用自体神经移植或人工材料移植。然而,这些方法具有一定的局限性,例如供体神经的可用性不足或移植后再生结果不令人满意。生物材料已被广泛研究,作为促进外周神经缺损修复的替代方法。这些生物材料包括天然和合成材料。天然材料由胶原蛋白组成,壳聚糖,和丝绸,虽然合成材料由聚氨酯组成,聚乳酸,和聚己内酯。最近,还开发了几种新的神经修复技术,如神经再生桥接技术,电刺激技术,和干细胞治疗技术。总的来说,生物材料和新的神经修复技术为修复周围神经缺损提供了新的方法和机遇。然而,这些方法仍需进一步研究和开发,以增强其有效性和可行性。
Peripheral nerve defects refer to damage or destruction occurring in the peripheral nervous system, typically affecting the limbs and face. The current primary approaches to address peripheral nerve defects involve the utilization of autologous nerve transplants or the transplantation of artificial material. Nevertheless, these methods possess certain limitations, such as inadequate availability of donor nerve or unsatisfactory regenerative outcomes post-transplantation. Biomaterials have been extensively studied as an alternative approach to promote the repair of peripheral neve defects. These biomaterials include both natural and synthetic materials. Natural materials consist of collagen, chitosan, and silk, while synthetic materials consist of polyurethane, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. Recently, several new neural repair technologies have also been developed, such as nerve regeneration bridging technology, electrical stimulation technology, and stem cell therapy technology. Overall, biomaterials and new neural repair technologies provide new methods and opportunities for repairing peripheral nerve defects. However, these methods still require further research and development to enhance their effectiveness and feasibility.