背景:为了应对季节性寒冷和食物短缺,西藏高原青蛙,Nanoranaparkeri(Anura:Dicroglossidae),进入可逆的低代谢状态,在这种状态下,骨骼肌的心率和耗氧量被强烈抑制。然而,冬季冬眠对这两种组织的基因表达和代谢谱的影响仍然未知。在本研究中,我们对夏季和冬季收集的帕克里奈瑟氏菌的心脏和骨骼肌进行了转录组和代谢组分析,以探索季节性冬眠的机制。
结果:我们在心脏中鉴定了2407个差异表达基因(DEGs),在骨骼肌中鉴定了2938个DEGs。富集分析表明,两个组织中共享的DEGs主要在翻译和代谢过程中富集。其中,功能分类为“对压力的反应”的基因的表达“防御机制”,或“肌肉收缩”与冬眠特别相关。代谢组学分析确定了24和22差异表达的代谢物(DEM)在心肌和骨骼肌,分别。特别是,途径分析表明心肌中的DEM参与了磷酸戊糖途径,甘油脂代谢,丙酮酸代谢,柠檬酸盐循环(TCA循环),和糖酵解/糖异生。相比之下,骨骼肌中的DEM主要参与氨基酸代谢。
结论:总之,冬眠中心肌和骨骼肌的自然适应涉及翻译中的转录改变,应激反应,保护机制,和肌肉收缩过程以及代谢重塑。这项研究为有助于高海拔青蛙N.parkeri冬季生存的转录和代谢调整提供了新的见解。
BACKGROUND: In response to seasonal cold and food shortage, the Xizang plateau frogs, Nanorana parkeri (Anura: Dicroglossidae), enter a reversible hypometabolic state where heart rate and oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle are strongly suppressed. However, the effect of winter hibernation on gene expression and metabolic profiling in these two tissues remains unknown. In the present study, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of heart and skeletal muscle from summer- and winter-collected N. parkeri to explore mechanisms involved in seasonal hibernation.
RESULTS: We identified 2407 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in heart and 2938 DEGs in skeletal muscle. Enrichment analysis showed that shared DEGs in both tissues were enriched mainly in translation and metabolic processes. Of these, the expression of genes functionally categorized as \"response to stress\", \"defense mechanisms\", or \"muscle contraction\" were particularly associated with hibernation. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 and 22 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in myocardium and skeletal muscle, respectively. In particular, pathway analysis showed that DEMs in myocardium were involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. By contrast, DEMs in skeletal muscle were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, natural adaptations of myocardium and skeletal muscle in hibernating N. parkeri involved transcriptional alterations in translation, stress response, protective mechanisms, and muscle contraction processes as well as metabolic remodeling. This study provides new insights into the transcriptional and metabolic adjustments that aid winter survival of high-altitude frogs N. parkeri.