膜生物反应器(MBR)是已建立和广泛使用的技术,其在全球范围内具有用于市政和工业废水处理的大量大规模工厂。尽管它们被广泛采用,膜污染严重阻碍了MBR的广泛应用,需要持续研究和开发有效的防污策略。作为非常有希望的,高效,以及用于水和废水处理的环保化学方法,高级氧化过程(AOPs)在水环境中的污染物降解和细菌失活方面表现出卓越的能力,通过直接去除膜污垢(MFR)和间接改进混合液(MLI),在控制MBR中膜污染方面表现出相当大的潜力。基于AOPs的防污技术的最新研究促进了MBR中传统防污方法的革命性进步,揭示防污机理的新亮点。为了跟上MBR的快速发展,迫切需要对MBR中AOP的防污进展进行全面的总结和讨论,特别是重点了解MFR和MLI的实现途径。在这次重要的审查中,我们强调了在MBR中实施基于AOPs的防污技术的优越性和可行性。此外,我们系统地概述了防污机制和策略,如MFR的膜改性和清洁,以及MLI的预处理和原位处理,基于特定的AOP,包括电化学氧化,光催化,芬顿,和臭氧化。此外,我们为在MBR中选择防污策略(MFR或MLI)提供建议,以及根据MBR的操作条件和能耗针对基于AOP的特定技术的拟议监管措施。最后,我们强调了植根于AOPs在MBR中现有应用挑战的未来研究前景,包括低防污效率,增加的额外费用,产生金属污泥,以及对聚合物膜的潜在损害。这篇评论中提出的基本见解旨在提高研究兴趣并激发有关设计的创新思维,改进,以及在MBR中部署基于AOP的防污方法,从而推进了膜分离技术在废水处理领域的广泛应用。
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are well-established and widely utilized technologies with substantial large-scale plants around the world for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Despite their widespread adoption, membrane fouling presents a significant impediment to the broader application of MBRs, necessitating ongoing research and development of effective antifouling strategies. As highly promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly chemical methods for water and wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have demonstrated exceptional competence in the degradation of pollutants and inactivation of bacteria in aqueous environments, exhibiting considerable potential in controlling membrane fouling in MBRs through direct membrane foulant removal (MFR) and indirect mixed-liquor improvement (MLI). Recent proliferation of research on AOPs-based antifouling technologies has catalyzed revolutionary advancements in traditional antifouling methods in MBRs, shedding new light on antifouling mechanisms. To keep pace with the rapid evolution of MBRs, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive summary and discussion of the antifouling advances of AOPs in MBRs, particularly with a focus on understanding the realizing pathways of MFR and MLI. In this critical review, we emphasize the superiority and feasibility of implementing AOPs-based antifouling technologies in MBRs. Moreover, we systematically overview antifouling mechanisms and strategies, such as membrane modification and cleaning for MFR, as well as pretreatment and in-situ treatment for MLI, based on specific AOPs including electrochemical oxidation, photocatalysis, Fenton, and ozonation. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for selecting antifouling strategies (MFR or MLI) in MBRs, along with proposed regulatory measures for specific AOPs-based technologies according to the operational conditions and energy consumption of MBRs. Finally, we highlight future research prospects rooted in the existing application challenges of AOPs in MBRs, including low antifouling efficiency, elevated additional costs, production of metal sludge, and potential damage to polymeric membranes. The fundamental insights presented in this review aim to elevate research interest and ignite innovative thinking regarding the design, improvement, and deployment of AOPs-based antifouling approaches in MBRs, thereby advancing the extensive utilization of membrane-separation technology in the field of wastewater treatment.