背景:三白汤(SBD)是一种经典的美白处方,最初记录在《明代医学概论》中。SBD以补气和补血而闻名,促进脾胃,美白肌肤,和褪色的黄褐斑。然而,其药效物质基础和具体机制尚不清楚。
目的:本研究旨在阐明SBD的药效物质基础及其去除黄褐斑的作用机制。
方法:通过UHPLC-Q-ExactiveOrbitrapMS/MS收集SBD提取物的正负离子质谱数据,导入到复合发现者(CD)3.1软件中,通过在线数据库匹配,并手动检查。最后,对SBD的体外化学成分进行了分类。同样,用CD3.1软件分析正常大鼠和黄褐斑模型大鼠血清中SBD的质谱数据。将体外鉴定的SBD化合物文件导入到预期化合物中,并选择产生预期化合物项目。然后在化合物部分下选择SBD化合物。选择与SBD组分相关的所有I和II相反应类型,并利用CD3.1软件的代谢平台对结果进行处理,获得可能的代谢产物。对代谢物进行评分,随后筛选具有高分的产物。根据文献比较,对正常大鼠和黄褐斑模型大鼠的SBD最终代谢产物进行测定和综合分析。通过肌肉注射黄体酮和紫外线B(UVB)照射构建黄褐斑大鼠模型。通过调节炎症来评价SBD对黄褐斑的防治作用。表皮胶原蛋白含量,和氧化应激。此外,通过Westernblot(WB)研究了SBD对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK3β)通路的影响,以探讨其对美白和去除黑斑功效的潜在机制。
结果:最终,在SBD中确定了94个组件,包括41种类黄酮,27种有机酸,和9个糖苷,3萜类化合物,2酰胺,2醛,1苯丙烷类化合物和9个其他化合物。在正常大鼠组的血液中,共鉴定出24种原型成分和61种代谢物.同样,从黄褐斑模型大鼠的血液中鉴定出19种原型成分和44种代谢物。药效学实验结果表明,SBD能有效降低黄褐斑的发生率,防止表皮胶原蛋白的损失,提高肝脏和皮肤的超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低丙二醛含量。有趣的是,WB结果表明,SBD有效激活了PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路,并下调黑色素相关蛋白的表达。
结论:第一次,SBD提取物的成分,用CD软件高分辨液相色谱-质谱联用技术成功鉴定了正常大鼠和黄褐斑模型大鼠血液中的原型成分和代谢产物。此外,分析正常大鼠和黄褐斑模型大鼠体内SBD成分的差异。在孕酮和UVB照射诱导的黄褐斑模型大鼠中验证了SBD对黄褐斑的防治作用,其机制与激活PI3K/Akt/GSK3β通路下调黑色素相关蛋白的表达有关。这些结果为进一步研究SBD的药效物质基础和药效机制提供了实验基础。以及用SBD开发新的抗黄褐斑配方。
BACKGROUND: San-Bai Decoction (SBD) is a classic whitening prescription originally recorded in the \'Introduction to Medicine\' of the Ming Dynasty. SBD has been known for invigorating Qi and blood, promoting spleen and stomach, whitening skin, and fading melasma. However, its pharmacodynamic material basis and specific mechanism remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to clarify the pharmacodynamic material basis of SBD and its mechanism of removing melasma.
METHODS: The positive and negative ion mass spectrum data of SBD extract were collected by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, imported into Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.1 software, matched through the online database, and manually checked. Finally, the in vitro chemical components of SBD were classified. Similarly, the mass spectrum data of SBD in the serum of normal rats and melasma model rats were also analyzed by CD 3.1 software. The in vitro identified Compound file of SBD was imported into the Expected Compounds and the Generate Expected Compounds project was selected. The SBD compounds were then chosen under the Compound Section. All phase I and II reaction types related to SBD components were selected, and the metabolic platform of CD 3.1 software was utilized to process the results and obtain possible metabolites. The metabolites were scored and products with high scores were subsequently screened. According to literature comparison, the final metabolites of SBD in both normal rats and melasma model rats were determined and comprehensively analyzed. The Melasma model rats were constructed through intramuscular injection of progesterone and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation. The preventing and treating effect of SBD on melasma were evaluated by regulating inflammation, epidermal collagen content, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the effect of SBD on the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt)/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway was investigated through Western blot (WB) to explore its underlying mechanism on whitening and removing melasma efficacy.
RESULTS: Ultimately, 94 components were identified in SBD, including 41 flavonoids, 27 organic acids, and 9 glycosides, 3 terpenoids, 2 amides, 2 aldehydes, 1 phenylpropanoid and 9 other compounds. In the blood of normal rat group, a total of 24 prototype components and 61 metabolites were identified. Similarly, there were19 prototype components and 44 metabolites identified from the blood of melasma model rats. Pharmacodynamic experiment results indicated that SBD effectively reduced the incidence of melasma, prevent the loss of epidermal collagen, and elevate the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease the malondialdehyde content in both liver and skin. Interestingly, the WB results demonstrated that SBD effectively activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, and down-regulated the expression of melanin-related proteins.
CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the components of SBD extracts, and its prototype components and metabolites in the blood of normal rats and melasma model rats were successfully identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with CD software. Additionally, the differences of in vivo components of SBD between normal rats and melasma model rats were analyzed. The preventive and therapeutic effect of SBD on melasma was verified in the melasma model rats induced by progesterone and UVB irradiation, and its mechanism was related to activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway and downregulating the expression of melanin-related proteins. These results provide an experimental foundation for further research on the pharmacodynamic substance basis and pharmacodynamic mechanism of SBD, as well as developing new anti-melasma formula with SBD.