模拟循环回路（MCL）是一种体外实验系统，可提供连续的脉动流，并模拟人体循环系统的不同生理或病理参数。对心血管辅助装置(CAD)的检测具有重要意义,这是一种用于治疗心血管疾病和缓解供心不足的困境的临床仪器。安装不同类型CADs的MCL可以模拟临床手术的特定条件，在重复的性能测试和可靠性测试下评估这些CADs的有效性和可靠性。此外，患者特异性心血管模型可用于MCL的循环,用于与血流动力学相关的靶向病理研究.因此,MCL系统根据其丰富的应用，具有不同功能单元的各种组合，在当前工作中进行了全面审查。四种类型的CAD，包括人工心脏瓣膜（PHV），心室辅助装置(VAD),记录并详细比较了MCL实验中应用的全人工心脏（TAH）和主动脉内球囊泵（IABP）。此外，进一步介绍了用于实现高级功能的具有更复杂结构的MCL，例如用于儿科应用的MCL，具有解剖体模的MCL和同步多个循环系统的MCL。通过审查现有MCL的结构和功能，总结了不同应用的MCL的特点，并提出了发展MCL的方向。
The mock circulatory loop (MCL) is an in vitro experimental system that can provide continuous pulsatile flows and simulate different physiological or pathological parameters of the human circulation system. It is of great significance for testing cardiovascular assist device (CAD), which is a type of clinical instrument used to treat cardiovascular disease and alleviate the dilemma of insufficient donor hearts. The MCL installed with different types of CADs can simulate specific conditions of clinical surgery for evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of those CADs under the repeated performance tests and reliability tests. Also, patient-specific cardiovascular models can be employed in the circulation of MCL for targeted pathological study associated with hemodynamics. Therefore, The MCL system has various combinations of different functional units according to its richful applications, which are comprehensively reviewed in the current work. Four types of CADs including prosthetic heart valve (PHV), ventricular assist device (VAD), total artificial heart (TAH) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) applied in MCL experiments are documented and compared in detail. Moreover, MCLs with more complicated structures for achieving advanced functions are further introduced, such as MCL for the pediatric application, MCL with anatomical phantoms and MCL synchronizing multiple circulation systems. By reviewing the constructions and functions of available MCLs, the features of MCLs for different applications are summarized, and directions of developing the MCLs are suggested.
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