Exploring the physical fractions of organic carbon and influencing mechanisms in grassland, forest, and farmland soils in wind erosion area can provide scientific basis for carbon sequestration, land utilization, wind prevention measure making, and fertility restoration of sloping farmland in the region. We examined the differentiation of aggregate organic carbon and density fractionation organic carbon in 0-15 cm soil layer across grassland, forest, and sloping farmland with 350 m long and 5° slope gradient in the wind erosion area of Meilisi District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, as well as the sloping farmland in the downhill section, middle section, and uphill section with every 100 m apart from the bottom to the top. The results showed that soil aggregates >2 mm were all destroyed across grassland, forest, and farmland soils, while the percentage of aggregates <0.053 mm was significantly higher than that of other sizes. The percentage of various soil aggregates, organic carbon content from density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates in farmland were significantly lower than that in grassland and forest soils. Soil aggregates in the uphill section of farmland were completely destroyed, and organic carbon content in various size aggregates and density fractionations gradually decreased with increasing slope. The proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates decreased, but that in light fraction aggregates increased gradually. Soil organic carbon and available potassium were key factors affecting aggregate stability, aggregate organic carbon content, and organic carbon content in density fractionations, while the loss of organic carbon in aggregate led to a decrease in aggregate stability. In summary, compared with grassland and forest soils, the stability of soil aggregates, the aggregate organic carbon content, the organic carbon content in density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in heavy fraction aggregates in farmland all decreased in the wind erosion area of Northeast
China. With the increases of slope, the aggregate organic carbon content, the organic carbon content in density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates in sloping farmland all decreased. Planting trees, conserving and expanding grassland area, and increasing the application of organic materials in sloping farmland in wind erosion area are effective approaches to stabilize and increase carbon storage, improve soil structure, and enhance soil quality.
探究风蚀区草地、林地和农田土壤有机碳物理组分及其影响机制,可为风蚀区土地的碳固定与科学利用、防风措施制定以及坡耕地农田肥力修复提供科学依据。本研究在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区风沙土风蚀区选取相邻近的草地、林地和坡长约350 m、坡度约5°的坡耕地农田(自下而上每100 m分别设为下坡段、中坡段和上坡段),研究0~15 cm土层团聚体有机碳和密度分组有机碳的分异。结果表明: 风蚀区草地、林地和农田土壤>2 mm团聚体均遭到破坏,<0.053 mm团聚体显著高于其他粒级团聚体;与草地和林地土壤相比,农田各粒级土壤团聚体、密度分组有机碳含量以及重组有机碳占比均显著减少。农田上坡段>2 mm团聚体被完全破坏,各粒级团聚体及密度分组有机碳含量均随坡面的上升逐渐下降,重组有机碳占比逐渐减小,轻组有机碳占比逐渐增加。土壤有机碳和速效钾是影响团聚体稳定性、团聚体有机碳含量和密度分组有机碳含量的关键因子,且团聚体有机碳的流失使团聚体稳定性下降。综上,相比草地和林地,东北风蚀区农田土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体有机碳含量、密度分组有机碳含量以及重组有机碳占比均降低,坡耕地随坡段的上升,团聚体有机碳含量、密度分组有机碳含量以及重组有机碳占比均降低。在风蚀区植树、保护与扩大草原面积、增加坡耕地有机物料施用等是稳固和提高土壤碳储量、改善土壤结构、提升土壤质量的有效途径。.