癫痫是一种以中枢神经系统发作性功能障碍为特征的慢性神经系统疾病。癫痫的最基本机制是兴奋和抑制之间的不平衡。在成年人中,GABAA受体(GABAAR)是阻止神经元发生过度兴奋的主要抑制性受体,而其抑制依赖于低细胞内氯离子浓度([Cl-]i)。神经元特异性电中性K+-Cl-协同转运蛋白(KCC2)可介导氯离子外排,降低GABAAR介导的抑制[Cl-]i。我们先前的研究表明,KCC2和GABAAR的协同下调参与了癫痫。根据对减少[Cl-]i的化合物的高贯穿筛选,CLP290被证明是特定的KCC2功能调节剂。在目前的研究中,我们首先证实CLP290可以剂量依赖性地抑制小鼠体内惊厥性癫痫发作以及体外培养海马神经元的癫痫样爆发活动。然后,我们发现,CLP290通过阻止KCC2磷酸化在Ser940下调起作用,因此在惊厥刺激期间KCC2膜表达,并因此恢复了GABA抑制。此外,虽然CLP290是在癫痫发生早期给予的,它还有效地减少了自发性复发性癫痫发作。一般来说,我们目前的结果表明,CLP290作为一种特异性的KCC2调节剂,通过增强KCC2的功能,不仅抑制发作性癫痫发作的发生,但也抑制了癫痫的发生过程。因此,我们认为KCC2可能是未来抗癫痫药物开发的合适靶点.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic dysfunction of central nervous system. The most basic mechanism of epilepsy falls to the imbalance between excitation and inhibition. In adults, GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is the main inhibitory receptor to prevent neurons from developing hyperexcitability, while its inhibition relies on the low intracellular chloride anion concentration ([Cl-]i). Neuronal-specific electroneutral K+-Cl- cotransporter (
KCC2) can mediate chloride efflux to lower [Cl-]i for GABAAR mediated inhibition. Our previous study has revealed that the coordinated downregulation of
KCC2 and GABAAR participates in epilepsy. According to a high-throughout screen for compounds that reduce [Cl-]i, CLP290 turns out to be a specific KCC2 functional modulator. In current study, we first confirmed that CLP290 could dose-dependently suppress convulsant-induced seizures in mice in vivo as well as the epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro. Then, we discovered that CLP290 functioned through preventing the downregulation of the KCC2 phosphorylation at Ser940 and hence the
KCC2 membrane expression during convulsant stimulation, and consequently restored the GABA inhibition. In addition, while CLP290 was given in early epileptogenesis period, it also effectively decreased the spontaneous recurrent seizures. Generally, our current results demonstrated that CLP290, as a specific
KCC2 modulator by enhancing
KCC2 function, not only inhibits the occurrence of the ictal seizures, but also suppresses the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we believe
KCC2 may be a suitable target for future anti-epileptic drug development.